TY - JOUR T1 - Noninvasive respiratory support after extubation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis JF - European Respiratory Review JO - EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW DO - 10.1183/16000617.0196-2022 VL - 32 IS - 168 SP - 220196 AU - Annalisa Boscolo AU - Tommaso Pettenuzzo AU - Nicolò Sella AU - Matteo Zatta AU - Michele Salvagno AU - Martina Tassone AU - Chiara Pretto AU - Arianna Peralta AU - Luisa Muraro AU - Francesco Zarantonello AU - Andrea Bruni AU - Federico Geraldini AU - Alessandro De Cassai AU - Paolo Navalesi Y1 - 2023/06/30 UR - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/32/168/220196.abstract N2 - Background The effect of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS), including high-flow nasal oxygen, bi-level positive airway pressure and continuous positive airway pressure (noninvasive ventilation (NIV)), for preventing and treating post-extubation respiratory failure is still unclear. Our objective was to assess the effects of NRS on post-extubation respiratory failure, defined as re-intubation secondary to post-extubation respiratory failure (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), discomfort, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), and time to re-intubation. Subgroup analyses considered “prophylactic” versus “therapeutic” NRS application and subpopulations (high-risk, low-risk, post-surgical and hypoxaemic patients).Methods We undertook a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Research Registry: reviewregistry1435). PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched (from inception until 22 June 2022). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of NRS after extubation in ICU adult patients were included.Results 32 RCTs entered the quantitative analysis (5063 patients). Compared with conventional oxygen therapy, NRS overall reduced re-intubations and VAP (moderate certainty). NIV decreased hospital mortality (moderate certainty), and hospital and ICU LOS (low and very low certainty, respectively), and increased discomfort (moderate certainty). Prophylactic NRS did not prevent extubation failure in low-risk or hypoxaemic patients.Conclusion Prophylactic NRS may reduce the rate of post-extubation respiratory failure in ICU patients.Noninvasive respiratory support may be useful for preventing, but not treating, post-extubation respiratory failure in ICU patients. Prophylactic NIV and HFNO decreased the rate of extubation failure in high-risk and post-surgical patients, respectively. https://bit.ly/3uSJXZG ER -