RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Supplemental oxygen and noninvasive ventilation
JF European Respiratory Review
JO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
FD European Respiratory Society
SP 220159
DO 10.1183/16000617.0159-2022
VO 32
IS 167
A1 Owens, Robert L.
A1 Derom, Eric
A1 Ambrosino, Nicolino
YR 2023
UL http://err.ersjournals.com/content/32/167/220159.abstract
AB The respiratory system attempts to maintain normal levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. However, airflow limitation, parenchymal abnormalities and dysfunction of the respiratory pump may be compromised in individuals with advanced COPD, eventually leading to respiratory failure, with reduced arterial oxygen tension (hypoxaemia) and/or increased arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2; hypercapnia). Hypoxaemia may persist in individuals with severe COPD despite smoking cessation and optimisation of pharmacotherapy. Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) can improve survival in those with severe daytime hypoxaemia, whereas those with less severe hypoxaemia may only have improved exercise capacity and dyspnoea. Changes in respiratory physiology that occur during sleep further predispose to hypoxaemia, particularly in individuals with COPD. However, the major cause of hypoxaemia is hypoventilation. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may reduce mortality and need for intubation in individuals with COPD and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. However, NIV may also improve survival and quality of life in individuals with stable, chronic hypercapnia and is now suggested for those with prolonged hypercapnia (e.g. PaCO2 >55 mmHg 2–6 weeks after hospital discharge) when clinically stable and after optimisation of medical therapy including LTOT if indicated. Many questions remain about the optimal mode, settings and goal of NIV therapy.In COPD, long-term oxygen therapy improves survival in severe daytime hypoxaemia and noninvasive ventilation reduces the need for intubation after acute hypercapnic respiratory failure and improves survival in stable in chronic hypercapnia. https://bit.ly/3yaLYTb