TY - JOUR T1 - Interstitial lung disease in infancy and early childhood: a clinicopathological primer JF - European Respiratory Review JO - EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW DO - 10.1183/16000617.0251-2021 VL - 31 IS - 163 SP - 210251 AU - Florian Peter Laenger AU - Nicolaus Schwerk AU - Jens Dingemann AU - Tobias Welte AU - Bernd Auber AU - Stijn Verleden AU - Maximilian Ackermann AU - Steven J. Mentzer AU - Matthias Griese AU - Danny Jonigk Y1 - 2022/03/31 UR - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/31/163/210251.abstract N2 - Children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) encompasses a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases substantially different from that of adults. Established classification systems divide chILD into conditions more prevalent in infancy and other conditions occurring at any age. This categorisation is based on a multidisciplinary approach including clinical, radiological, genetic and histological findings. The diagnostic evaluation may include lung biopsies if other diagnostic approaches failed to identify a precise chILD entity, or if severe or refractory respiratory distress of unknown cause is present. As the majority of children will be evaluated and diagnosed outside of specialist centres, this review summarises relevant clinical, genetic and histological findings of chILD to provide assistance in clinical assessment and rational diagnostics.ILD of childhood is comparable by name only to lung disease in adults. A dedicated interdisciplinary team is required to achieve the best possible outcome. This review summarises the current clinicopathological criteria and associated genetic alterations. https://bit.ly/3mpxI3b ER -