PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Alfred Hager
TI  - Minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production in congenital heart disease
AID  - 10.1183/16000617.0178-2020
DP  - 2021 Sep 30
TA  - European Respiratory Review
PG  - 200178
VI  - 30
IP  - 161
4099  - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/30/161/200178.short
4100  - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/30/161/200178.full
SO  - EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW2021 Sep 30; 30
AB  - This review summarises various applications of how ventilatory equivalent (ventilatory efficiency or better still ventilatory inefficiency) and the minute ventilation (VʹE)/carbon dioxide production (VʹCO2) slope obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can be used in the diagnostic or prognostic workup of patients with congenital heart disease.The field of congenital heart disease comprises not only a very heterogeneous patient group with various heart diseases, but also various conditions in different stages of repair, as well as the different residuals seen in long-term follow-up. As such, various physiologic disarrangements must be considered in the analysis of increased VʹE/VʹCO2 slope from CPET in patients with congenital heart disease. In addition to congestive heart failure (CHF), cyanosis, unilateral pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary hypertension (PH) provide the background for this finding. The predictive value of increased VʹE/VʹCO2 slope on prognosis seems to be more important in conditions where circulatory failure is associated with failure of the systemic ventricle. In cyanotic patients, those with Fontan circulation, or those with substantial mortality from arrhythmia, the impact of VʹE/VʹCO2 on prognosis is not that important.VʹE/VʹCO2 elevation is a common finding in patients with congenital heart disease. It can be used as a sign for right-to-left shunting, unilateral pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension and circulatory failure. It is predictive for clinical worsening. https://bit.ly/33gj3NQ