RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The respiratory microbiome and nontuberculous mycobacteria: an emerging concern in human health
JF European Respiratory Review
JO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
FD European Respiratory Society
SP 200299
DO 10.1183/16000617.0299-2020
VO 30
IS 160
A1 Christina S. Thornton
A1 Madeline Mellett
A1 Julie Jarand
A1 Leila Barss
A1 Stephen K. Field
A1 Dina A. Fisher
YR 2021
UL http://err.ersjournals.com/content/30/160/200299.abstract
AB Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are diverse microbial species encompassing commensals and pathogens with the ability to cause pulmonary disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. In contrast to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has seen a reduction in disease rates in developed countries, the incidence and prevalence of NTM disease is increasing. NTM are difficult to treat with standard antimicrobial regimens and may contain both virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes with potential for pathogenicity. With the advent of molecular techniques, it has been elucidated that these organisms do not reside in isolation and are rather part of a complex milieu of microorganisms within the host lung microbiome. Over the last decade, studies have highlighted the impact of the microbiome on host immunity, metabolism and cell–cell communication. This recognition of a broader community raises the possibility that the microbiome may disrupt the balance between infection and disease. Additionally, NTM disease progression and antimicrobial therapy may affect the healthy steady state of the host and function of the microbiome, contributing to further dysbiosis and clinical deterioration. There have been limited studies assessing how NTM may influence the relationship between microbiome and host. In this review, we highlight available studies about NTM and the microbiome, postulate on virulence mechanisms by which these microorganisms communicate and discuss implications for treatment.NTM disease is increasing in prevalence. The lung microbiome represents an ecological niche of dynamic interplay unique to each individual and plays a potential role in NTM disease. https://bit.ly/3ln0D67