RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Is ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia a worse entity than ventilator-associated pneumonia? JF European Respiratory Review JO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW FD European Respiratory Society SP 200023 DO 10.1183/16000617.0023-2020 VO 29 IS 157 A1 Maria Sole Vallecoccia A1 Cristina Dominedò A1 Salvatore Lucio Cutuli A1 Ignacio Martin-Loeches A1 Antoni Torres A1 Gennaro De Pascale YR 2020 UL http://err.ersjournals.com/content/29/157/200023.abstract AB Introduction Nosocomial pneumonia develops after ≥48 h of hospitalisation and is classified as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP); the latter may require mechanical ventilation (V-HAP) or not (NV-HAP).Main findings VAP and HAP affect a significant proportion of hospitalised patients and are characterised by poor clinical outcomes. Among them, V-HAP has the greatest 28-day mortality rate followed by VAP and NV-HAP (27.8% versus 18% versus 14.5%, respectively). However, no differences in terms of pathophysiology, underlying microbiological pathways and subsequent therapy have been identified. International guidelines suggest specific flow charts to help clinicians in the therapeutic management of such diseases; however, there are no specific recommendations beyond VAP and HAP classification. HAP subtypes are scarcely considered as different entities and the lack of data from the clinical scenario limits any final conclusion. Hopefully, recent understanding of the pathophysiology of such diseases, as well as the discovery of new therapies, will improve the outcome associated with such pulmonary infections.Conclusion Nosocomial pneumonia is a multifaced disease with features of pivotal interest in critical care medicine. Due to the worrisome data on mortality of patients with nosocomial pneumonia, further prospective studies focused on this topic are urgently needed.Due to the different mortality of each subtype of nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation, new prospective studies are urgently needed https://bit.ly/3fFoZ6U