@article {Bubendorf170007, author = {Lukas Bubendorf and Sylvie Lantuejoul and Adrianus J. de Langen and Erik Thunnissen}, title = {Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: diagnostic difficulties in small biopsies and cytological specimens}, volume = {26}, number = {144}, elocation-id = {170007}, year = {2017}, doi = {10.1183/16000617.0007-2017}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, abstract = {The pathological and molecular classification of lung cancer has become substantially more complex over the past decade. For diagnostic purposes on small samples, additional stains are frequently required to distinguish between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, for advanced nonsquamous cell nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients, predictive analyses on epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and ROS1 are required. In NSCLCs negative for these biomarkers, programmed death ligand-1 immunohistochemistry is performed. Small samples (biopsy and cytology) require {\textquotedblleft}tissue{\textquotedblright} management, which is best achieved by the interaction of all physicians involved.Tissue management is required to perform diagnostic and predictive testing in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma http://ow.ly/Ogeq30adDvN}, issn = {0905-9180}, URL = {https://err.ersjournals.com/content/26/144/170007}, eprint = {https://err.ersjournals.com/content/26/144/170007.full.pdf}, journal = {European Respiratory Review} }