PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Radha Gopal
AU  - Rekha R. Rapaka
AU  - Jay K. Kolls
TI  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary pathogens
AID  - 10.1183/16000617.0042-2016
DP  - 2017 Mar 31
TA  - European Respiratory Review
PG  - 160042
VI  - 26
IP  - 143
4099  - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/26/143/160042.short
4100  - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/26/143/160042.full
SO  - EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW2017 Mar 31; 26
AB  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an exaggerated immune response to a variety of pathogens in response to antiretroviral therapy-mediated recovery of the immune system in HIV-infected patients. Although IRIS can occur in many organs, pulmonary IRIS, associated with opportunistic infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii, is particularly associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathology of IRIS is associated with a variety of innate and adaptive immune factors, including CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, γδ T-cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, the complement system and surfactant proteins, Toll-like receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Although there are numerous reports about the immune factors involved in IRIS, the mechanisms involved in the development of pulmonary IRIS are poorly understood. Here, we propose that studies using gene-deficient murine and nonhuman primate models will help to identify the specific molecular targets associated with the development of IRIS. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathology of pulmonary IRIS will help to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this syndrome.Mechanisms of pulmonary IRIS in HIV-infected individuals recently initiated on ART are poorly defined http://ow.ly/AAOR301Bh36