Abstract
Pneumonia is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and Gram-negative bacilli constitute a significant proportion of its aetiology, especially when it is acquired in a hospital setting. With the alarming global rise in multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacilli, antibiotic therapy for treating patients with pneumonia is challenging and must be guided by in vitro susceptibility results. In this review, we provide an overview of antibiotics newly approved for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam have potent activity against some of the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producers. Several novel antibiotics have potent activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, such as ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relabactam and cefiderocol. Cefiderocol may also play an important role in the management of pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, along with plazomicin and eravacycline.
Abstract
Thanks to new antibiotics, there is hope in the future regarding treatment of pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli. https://bit.ly/3sl2sVw
Footnotes
Provenance: Commissioned article, peer reviewed.
Previous articles in this series: No. 1: Kumar K, Daley CL, Griffith DE, et al. Management of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease: therapeutic advances and emerging treatments. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 210212. No. 2: Cilloniz C, Luna CM, Hurtado JC, et al. Respiratory viruses: their importance and lessons learned from COVID-19. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220051. No. 3: Cavallazzi R, Ramirez JA. How and when to manage respiratory infections out of hospital. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220092. No. 4: Reynolds D, Burnham JP, Vazquez Guillamet C, et al. The threat of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative respiratory infections: another pandemic. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220068. No. 5: Puerta-Alcalde P, Garcia-Vidal C. Non-Aspergillus mould lung infections. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220104. No. 6: Al-Tawfiq JA, Kim H, Memish ZA. Parasitic lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220093. No. 7: Lamoth F, Calandra T. Pulmonary aspergillosis: diagnosis and treatment. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220114. No. 8: Niederman MS, Torres A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220123.
Number 9 in the Series “Respiratory infections” Edited by Antoni Torres and Michael S. Niederman
Conflict of interest: Outside the submitted work, M. Bassetti reports research grants and/or advisor/consultant and/or speaker/chairman fees from Bayer, BioMerieux, Cidara, Cipla, Gilead, Menarini, MSD, Pfizer and Shionogi. Outside the submitted work, D.R. Giacobbe reports investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer, Shionogi and Gilead Italia, and speaker and/or advisory board fees from Pfizer and Tillotts Pharma. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
- Received July 13, 2022.
- Accepted October 18, 2022.
- Copyright ©The authors 2022
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