Abdelrahman [86] | 172 | Egypt | 42 | Yes | 0.34 | | Yes | 0.22 | Mixed | Phone | – |
Anaya [49] | 100 | Colombia | 49 | Yes | 0.47 | | No | 0.24 | Mixed | Visit | 7–12 |
Aparisi [26] | 70 | Spain | 55 | Yes | 0.36 | NYHA functional class ≥2 | No | 0.586 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Ares-Blanco [87] | 155 | Spain | 59 | Yes | 0.48 | | No | 0.31 | Mixed | Phone | 1–6 |
Armange [88] | 214 | France | 39 | Yes | 0.40 | | No | 0.402 | Nonhosp | Online | 1–6 |
Arnold [89] | 110 | UK | 55 | Yes | 0.62 | | No | 0.39 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Asadi-Pooya [24] | 58 | Iran | 12 | No | 0.48 | | Yes | 0.12 | Hosp | Phone | – |
Augustin [90] | 442 (4 months), 353 (7 months) | Germany | 43 | Yes | 0.48 | | No | 0.086 (4 months), 0.136 (7 months) | Nonhosp | Visit | 1–6, 7–12 |
Aul [91] | 387 (370) | UK | 63 | Yes | 0.57 | | No | 0.365 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Aydin [63] | 116 | Turkey | 49 | No | 0.48 | | No | 0.19 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Baldini [62] | 55 | Argentina | 55 | – | 0.73 | | No | 0.55 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Bell [92] | 303 | USA | 44 | No | 0.30 | | No | 0.257 | Nonhosp | Online | 1–6 |
Blomberg [93] | 312 | Norway | 46 | No | 0.49 | | No | 0.21 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Boari [94] | 94 | Italy | 71 | – | 0.67 | | Yes | 0.36 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Çalik Kütükcü [95] | 100 | Turkey | 37 | Yes | 0.41 | | No | 0.58 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Carfì [96] | 143 | Italy | 57 | Yes | 0.63 | | No | 0.434 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Carvalho-Schneider [97] | 150 | France | 49 | Yes | 0.44 | | Yes | 0.367 | Mixed | Phone | 1–6 |
Cheng [98] | 113 | UK | 58 | Yes | 0.68 | MRC increase | Yes | 0.363 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Cortés-Telles [59] | 186 | Mexico | 47 | – | 0.61 | | No | 0.376 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Damanti [99] | 67 | Italy | 63 | – | 0.85 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.478 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Dankowski [100] | 102 | Poland | 52 | Yes | 0.44 | | No | 0.422 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Darcis [101] | 199 | Belgium | 61 | Yes | 0.63 | | No | 0.47 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Daynes [10] | 131 | UK | 60 | – | 0.59 | COPD assessment test | No | 0.731 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
D'Cruz [35] | 119 (115) | UK | 59 | Yes | 0.62 | mMRC increase, numerical rating scale ≥4 | Yes | 0.443, 0.322 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
de Graaf [61] | 81 | Netherlands | 61 | Yes | 0.63 | NYHA functional class ≥2 | No | 0.617 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Diaz-Fuentes [102] | 111 | USA | 60 | Yes | 0.47 | | No | 0.559 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Dreyer [103] | 1518 (977) | USA | 42 | Yes | 0.12 | | No | 0.119 | Mixed | Online | 1–6 |
Erol [25] | 121 | Turkey | 9 | No | 0.54 | | No | 0.0826 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Evans [104] | 1077 (767) | UK | 58 | Yes | 0.64 | Numerical rating scale increase | Yes | 0.481 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Faverio [50] | 312 (283) | Italy | 62 | Yes | 0.73 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.31 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Fernández-de-Las-Peñas [105] | 1950 | Spain | 61 | – | 0.53 | | Yes | 0.233 | Hosp | Phone | 7–12 |
Fortini [36] | 59 | Italy | 68 | – | 0.53 | | Yes | 0.373 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Froidure [37] | 126 | Belgium | 60 | – | 0.59 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.357 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Gaber [106] | 138 | UK | – | Yes | 0.08 | | No | 0.399 | Nonhosp | Online | 1–6 |
Galván-Tejada [19] | 141 | Mexico | 39 | – | 0.49 | | No | 0.099 | – | – | 1–6 |
Gamberini [55] | 178 | Italy | 64 | – | 0.73 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.584 | Hosp | Visit | 7–12 |
Garrigues [53] | 120 | France | 63 | – | 0.63 | mMRC ≥1, no | No | 0.533, 0.417 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Gautam [42] | 200 (144) | UK | 57 | – | 0.63 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.632 | Hosp | Visit | – |
Ghosn [11] | 948 (3 months), 1065 (6 months) | France | 61 | – | 0.63 | | No | 0.304 (3 months), 0.263 (6 months) | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
González [107] | 60 | Spain | 60 | Yes | 0.74 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.467 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Halpin [108] | 100 | UK | 67 | Yes | 0.54 | Likert scale increase | Yes | 0.5 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Horwitz [21] | 126 | USA | 62 | Yes | 0.60 | PROMIS® dyspnea characteristics instrument ≥1 | No | 0.63 | Hosp | Online/phone | 7–12 |
Huang [22] | 1615 | China | 57 | Yes | 0.52 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.259 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Huang [23] | 1276 (1271) | China | 59 | Yes | 0.53 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.3 | Hosp | Visit | 7–12 |
Huang [12] | 382 | USA | 55 | No | 0.41 | | Yes | 0.17 | Nonhosp | EHR | – |
Italia [43] | 123 | Italy | 62 | – | 0.68 | NYHA functional class ≥2 | No | 0.341 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Jacobs [109] | 128 | USA | 57 | Yes | 0.62 | | No | 0.453 | Hosp | Online/phone | 1–6 |
Karaarslan [110] | 300 | Turkey | 53 | Yes | 0.60 | Likert scale | No | 0.263 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Klein [111] | 103 | Israel | 35 | Yes | 0.62 | | Yes | 0.078 | – | Phone | 1–6 |
Landi [112] | 131 | Italy | 56 | Yes | 0.61 | | Yes | 0.44 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Lerum [29] | 103 | Norway | 59 | Yes | 0.52 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.54 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Liang [60] | 76 | China | 41 | Yes | 0.28 | 0–4 grade ≥1 | No | 0.605 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Lindahl [30] | 101 (93) | Finland | 60 | Yes | 0.53 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.645 | Hosp | Online/printed | 1–6 |
Lund [77] | 9816 | Denmark | 50 | No | 0.42 | | Yes | 0.014 | Mixed | EHR | – |
Maestre-Muñiz [113] | 543 | Spain | 65 | Yes | 0.51 | | Yes | 0.193 | Mixed | Phone | 7–12 |
Mahmud [114] | 355 | Bangladesh | 40 | Yes | 0.58 | | Yes | 0.07 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Mallia [115] | 401 | UK | 59 | Yes | 0.60 | MRC increase, no | Yes | 0.408, 0.464 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Mandal [116] | 384 | UK | 60 | – | 0.62 | 0–10 scale ≥1 | No | 0.53 | Hosp | Phone/visit | 1–6 |
Mechi [44] | 112 | Iraq | 51 | – | 0.66 | | No | 0.3036 | Mixed | Visit | 7–12 |
Meije [56] | 294 | Spain | 69 | Yes | 0.57 | | No | 0.299 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Menges [31] | 431 (395) | Switzerland | 47 | Yes | 0.50 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.24 | Mixed | Online | 7–12 |
Moradian [117] | 200 | Iran | 56 | – | 0.80 | | No | 0.185 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
COMEBAC Study Group [85] | 478 | France | 61 | Yes | 0.42 | | Yes | 0.163 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Motiejunaite [64] | 114 | France | 57 | Yes | 0.67 | | No | 0.4 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Mumoli [118] | 88 | Italy | 63 | Yes | 0.74 | | No | 0.494 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Munblit [119] | 2649 (2620) | Russia | 56 | Yes | 0.49 | | No | 0.174 | Hosp | Phone | 7–12 |
Naik [54] | 1234 | India | 41 | Yes | 0.69 | | No | 0.061 | Mixed | Visit/phone | 1–6 |
Nehme [120] | 479 (30–45 days), 410 (7–9 months) | Switzerland | 43 | Yes | 0.38 | | Yes | 0.111 (30–45 days), 0.117 (7–9 months) | Nonhosp | Online/phone | 1–6, 7–12 |
O'Keefe [121] | 290 | USA | 44 | Yes | 0.25 | | No | 0.141 | Mixed | Online | 1–6 |
O'Sullivan [122] | 155 | UK | 39 | – | 0.82 | | No | 0.767 | Mixed | Phone | 1–6 |
Peluso [13] | 143 (4 months), 68 (8 months) | USA | 48 | Yes | 0.56 | | Yes | 0.224 (4 months), 0.206 (8 months) | Mixed | Visit | 1–6, 7–12 |
Qin [47] | 647 | China | 58 | – | 0.44 | | Yes | 0.087 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Raman [48] | 58 | UK | 55 | – | 0.59 | MRC ≥2 | No | 0.643 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Righi [123] | 448 | Italy | 56 | Yes | 0.55 | | Yes | 0.11 | Mixed | Phone/visit | 1–6 |
Riou [52] | 81 | France | 61 | – | 0.73 | | No | 0.2 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Sathyamurthy [124] | 279 | India | 71 | Yes | 0.64 | | No | 0.018 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Seeßle [41] | 146 (5 months), 96 (12 months) | Germany | 57 | Yes | 0.49 | | Yes | 0.271 (5 months), 0.375 (12 months) | Mixed | Visit | 1–6, 7–12 |
Shah [32] | 73 | Canada | 65 | Yes | 0.60 | UCSD-SOBQ >10 | No | 0.425 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Shang [27] | 796 | China | 62 | Yes | 0.51 | | No | 0.204 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Shendy [125] | 81 | Egypt | 34 | Yes | 0.32 | Numerical rating scale (0–10) ≥1 | No | 0.741 | Mixed | Phone | 1–6 |
Shoucri [126] | 364 | USA | 61 | Yes | 0.52 | | No | 0.159 | Hosp | EHR | 1–6 |
Sigfrid [33] | 327 | UK | 60 | Yes | 0.59 | MRC increase | Yes | 0.468 | Hosp | Post/phone/visit | 7–12 |
Skjorten [38] | 156 (126) | Norway | 56 | Yes | 0.62 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.47 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Sonnweber [58] | 145 (133) | Austria | 57 | Yes | 0.55 | | No | 0.36 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Stavem [127] | 451 | Norway | 50 | Yes | 0.44 | | No | 0.16 | Nonhosp | Post/online | 1–6 |
Suárez-Robles [128] | 134 | Spain | 59 | – | 0.46 | | No | 0.403 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Sultana [129] | 186 | Bangladesh | 35 | Yes | 0.66 | | No | 0.102 | Mixed | Phone | 1–6 |
Sun [130] | 932 | China | 58 | No | 0.40 | | No | 0.072 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Szekely [66] | 71 | Israel | 53 | Yes | 0.66 | | No | 0.225 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Tawfik [14] | 120 | Egypt | 34 | Yes | 0.42 | | No | 0.647 | Mixed | – | 1–6 |
Taylor [131] | 675 | UK | 56 | – | 0.58 | MRC increase, no | Yes | 0.578, 0.344 | Mixed | Online/phone | 1–6 |
Todt [132] | 251 | Brazil | 53 | Yes | 0.60 | mMRC increase | Yes | 0.279 | Hosp | Phone | 1–6 |
Tosato [133] | 165 | Italy | 73 | Yes | 0.62 | | No | 0.515 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Varghese [134] | 116 | Germany | 41 | Yes | 0.85 | | No | 0.06 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Venturelli [135] | 767 | Italy | 63 | Yes | 0.67 | mMRC ≥1, no | No | 0.298, 0.218 | Mixed | Visit | 1–6 |
Vijayakumar [65] | 80 | UK | 59 | Yes | 0.66 | | No | 0.46 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Weerahandi [20] | 152 | USA | 62 | Yes | 0.63 | PROMIS® dyspnea characteristics instrument ≥1 | No | 0.743 | Hosp | Online/phone | 1–6 |
Wu [136] | 132 | China | 45 | No | 0.55 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.068 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |
Wu [57] | 83 | China | 60 | Yes | 0.57 | mMRC ≥1 | No | 0.81 (3 months), 0.05 (12 months) | Hosp | Visit | 1–6, 7–12 |
Yin [40] | 337 | China | 54 | – | 0.51 | 0–4 grade ≥1 | Yes | 0.27 | Hosp | Visit | 7–12 |
Yomogida [34] | 366 | USA | 39 | Yes | 0.43 | | No | 0.128 (2 months), 0.104 (7 months) | Mixed | Phone | 1–6, 7–12 |
Zayet [137] | 354 | France | 50 | Yes | 0.37 | | Yes | 0.11 | Mixed | Online | 7–12 |
Zhang [39] | 2433 | China | 60 | Yes | 0.50 | | Yes | 0.041 | Hosp | Phone | 7–12 |
Zhao [138] | 55 | China | 48 | Yes | 0.58 | | No | 0.1455 | Hosp | Visit | 1–6 |