Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flowchart of study selection. ILD: interstitial lung disease; VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
- FIGURE 2
Meta-analysis of the diagnostic yield of a) transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) and b) video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, according to diagnostic criteria. The diamonds indicate the pooled effects. CI: confidence interval; MDD: multidisciplinary discussion.
- FIGURE 3
Complications related to the technique: a) moderate/severe bleeding after transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC); b) pneumothorax after TBLC and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The diamonds indicate the pooled effects. CI: confidence interval.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Outcomes of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) of the included studies
Method of diagnosis First author (year) [ref.] Biopsy method (n) Diagnostic yield, % Mortality, n (%) Pneumothorax, n (%) Chest drain, n (%) Bleeding, n (%) ILD acute exacerbation, n (%) Mild Moderate Severe Histology Hernández-González (2015) [43] TBLC (33) 79.0 na 4 (12) 1 (3.0) 3 (9.0) 7 (21) 0 (0.0) na Ravaglia (2016) [60] TBLC (297) 82.8 1 (0.3) 60 (20.2) 46 (15.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) Linhas (2017) [25] TBLC (90) na 0 (0.0) 22 (22.4) 18 (20.0) 8 (8.9) 5 (5.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Lentz (2018) [47] TBLC (104) 44.2 0 (0.0) 3 (3.0) 3 (3.0) 100 (96.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (4.0) na Cooley (2018) [26] TBLC (159) 69.0 0 (0.0) 17 (11.0) 14 (8.8) 0 (0.0) 6 (3.8)# na Hagmeyer (2019) [30] TBLC (61) 82.0 2 (3.2) 10 (16.4) na na 7 (14.5) 8 (13.1) 2 (3.2) Harari (2019) [29] TBLC (73) 88.0 na 8 (10.9) 2 (2.7) 6 (19.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.4) na Romagnoli (2019) [62] TBLC (21) 81.0 na 2 (9.5) 1 (4.8) na na na 1 (4.8) Samitas (2019) [15] TBLC (50) 80.0 na 5 (10.0) 0 (0.0) 19 (38.0) 12 (24.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Cho (2019) [24] TBLC (40) 85.0 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 36 (90.0) 2 (5.0) 2 (5.0) na Abdelghani (2019) [28] TBLC (40) 92.5 1 (1.3) 2 (5.0) 2 (5.0) 6 (15.0) 5 (8.3) 0 (0.0) na Hetzel (2019) [18] TBLC (359) na 1 (0.3) 27 (7.5) na 203 (56.5) 54 (15.0) 4 (1.1) na Troy (2020) [61] TBLC (65) 90.0 1 (2.0) 1 (4.0) na 14 (22.0)¶ 0 (0.0) 2 (3.1) Aburto (2020) [38] TBLC (257) 80.2 0 (0.0) 5 (2.0) na 18 (7.0)+ 1 (0.4) Bondue (2020) [35] TBLC (81) 84.0 na 17 (21.0) 9 (11.0) 47 (58.0) 25 (31.0) 4 (5.0) 1 (1.2) Koslow (2020) [34] TBLC (120) 52.4 2 (1.6) 6 (5.0) 1 (0.9) na 8 (7.0)# 1 (0.8) Pajares (2020) [36] TBLC (124) 54.8 na 3 (2.4) 2 (1.6) 72 (60.0) 8 (6.5) 1 (0.8) na Gnass (2020) [39] TBLC (114) 79.0 na 5 (4.4) 5 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Wang (2020) [37] TBLC (70) 68.6 1 (1.4) 3 (4.3) 3 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (5.7) 0 (0.0) MDD Fruchter (2014) [42] TBLC (75) 70.0 na 2 (2.7) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Griff (2014) [33] TBLC (52) 79.0 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) na na 0 (0.0) na Pajares (2014) [41] TBLC (39) 51.4 na 3 (7.7) na 12 (30.8) 22 (56.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Hernández-González (2015) [43] TBLC (33) 79.0 na 4 (12) 1 (3.0) 3 (9.0) 7 (21) 0 (0.0) na Cascante (2016) [46] TBLC (55) 87.3 0 (0.0) 8 (14.5) 7 (12.7) 4 (7.3) 1 (1.8) 1 (1.8) na Ramaswamy (2016) [45] TBLC (56) 66.0 na 11 (20) na na na 1 (2.0) 0 (0.0) Kronborg-White (2017) [44] TBLC (38) 74.0 na 10 (26) 8 (21.0) na 6 (15.0) 1 (3.0) 0 (0.0) Bango-Álvarez (2017) [23] TBLC (106) 86.0 0 (0.0) 5 (4.7) 2 (1.9) 89 (84.0) 17 (16) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Lentz (2018) [47] TBLC (104) 68.3 0 (0.0) 3 (3.0) 3 (3.0) 100 (96.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (4.0) na Cooley (2018) [26] TBLC (159) 79.0 0 (0.0) 17 (11.0) 14 (8.8) 0 (0.0) 6 (3.8)# na Dhooria (2018) [27] TBLC (128) 78.1 4 (3.1) 14 (10.9) 11 (8.6) 13 (10.2) 4 (3.1) 3 (2.3) 3 (2.3) Hagmeyer (2019) [30] TBLC (61) 75.0 2 (3.2) 10 (16.4) na na 7 (14.5) 8 (13.1) 2 (3.2) Harari (2019) [29] TBLC (73) 94.5 na 8 (10.9) 2 (2.7) 6 (19.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.4) na Romagnoli (2019) [62] TBLC (21) 42.9 na 2 (9.5) 1 (4.8) na na na 1 (4.8) Samitas (2019) [15] TBLC (50) 76.0 na 5 (10.0) 0 (0.0) 19 (38.0) 12 (24.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Shafiek (2019) [32] TBLC (12) 83.3 na 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) na Çirak (2020) [31] TBLC (82) 91.5 na 6 (7.3) 0 (0.0) 23 (28.4) 15 (18.3) 1 (1.21) na Troy (2020) [61] TBLC (65) 60.0 1 (2.0) 1 (4.0) na 14 (22.0)¶ 0 (0.0) 2 (3.1) Aburto (2020) [38] TBLC (257) 90.3 0 (0.0) 5 (2.0) na 18 (7.0)+ 1 (0.4) Bondue (2020) [35] TBLC (81) 74.0 na 17 (21.0) 9 (11.0) 47 (58.0) 25 (31.0) 4 (5.0) 1 (1.2) Hussein (2020) [40] TBLC (23) 95.6 0 (0.0) 2 (8.7) 1 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.4) 0 (0.0) Koslow (2020) [34] TBLC (120) 55.0 2 (1.6) 6 (5.0) 1 (0.9) na 8 (7.0)# 1 (0.8) Pajares (2020) [36] TBLC (124) 47.6 na 3 (2.4) 2 (1.6) 72 (60.00) 8 (6.5) 1 (0.8) na ILD: interstitial lung disease; MDD: multidisciplinary discussion; na: not available. #: classified as moderate/severe; ¶: classified as mild/moderate; +: bleeding not classified by severity.
- TABLE 2
Outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) of the included studies
Method of diagnosis First author (year) [ref.] Biopsy method (n) Diagnostic yield, % Mortality, n (%) Pneumothorax, n (%) Prolonged air leak, n (%) Pneumonia/empyema, n (%) Haemothorax, n (%) Thoracic pain, n (%) ILD acute exacerbation, n (%) Histology Kayatta (2013) [53] VATS (196) 100 13 (6.7) na na na na na na Pompeo (2013) [48] VATS (30) 97 na na 0 (0.0) na na na 0 (0.0) Morris (2014) [54] VATS (66) 74.2 1 (1.5) 7 (10.6) 1 (1.5) 4 (6.1) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.5) na Bagheri (2015) [55] VATS (38) 94.7 na na 5 (13.1) na na na na Ravaglia (2016) [60] VATS (150) 98.7 4 (2.7) na 5 (3.3) 3 (2.0) na na 5 (3.3) Jeon (2018) [59] VATS (35) 100 0 (0.0) na 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) na 0 (0.0) Romagnoli (2019) [62] VATS (21) 57.1 na na na na na na na Cherchi (2020) [51] VATS (99) 98 1 (1.0) na na na na na na MDD Fibla (2012) [2] VATS (224) 87 na 6 (2.7) 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 8 (3.7) 0 (0.0) Luo (2013) [52] VATS (32) 100 0 (0.0) 8 (25.0) na 18 (56.3) 1 (3.1) na 0 (0.0) Kayatta (2013) [53] VATS (196) 88.6 13 (6.7) na na na na na na Morris (2014) [54] VATS (66) 90.5 1 (1.5) 7 (10.6) 1 (1.5) 4 (6.1) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.5) na Samejima (2015) [56] VATS (285) 84.9 0 (0.0) 11 (3.9) 2 (0.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) na 3 (1.0) Khalil (2016) [57] VATS (115) 100 0 (0.0) na 0 (0.0) na na na 1 (0.8) Lieberman (2017) [58] VATS (45)
OLB (2)100 1 (2.1) 5 (10.6) na na na 1 (2.1) na Sugino (2019) [49] VATS (143) 100 0 (0.0) 5 (3.5) 4 (2.8) na na na 2 (1.4) Troy (2020) [61] VATS (65) 74 1 (2.0) na na na na 1 (2.0) 2 (3.1) Pastre (2021) [50] VATS (268) 94 4 (1.5) 2 (0.7) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7) 1 (0.4) na 7 (2.6) ILD: interstitial lung disease; MDD: multidisciplinary discussion; na: not available; OLB: open lung biopsy.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material ERR-0280-2021.SUPPLEMENT
Vol 31 Issue 166
Table of Contents
Diagnostic yield and safety of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy and surgical lung biopsy in interstitial lung diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
