Figures
- FIGURE 1
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram of identified, screened and included manuscripts in the meta-analysis and systemic review. Modified from [7]; for more information visit http://prisma-statement.org/
- FIGURE 2
Forest plots for the pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) versus control groups. a) Advanced therapies (embolectomy, catheter-directed intervention and systemic thrombolysis). b) Inferior vena cava filter. c) Bleeding complications. d) Mortality.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Description of included studies and risk of bias assessment
Study/year/n PERT group number Control group number Location Study design/control definition Types of PE included in PERT Risk of bias score Kabrhel et al. 2016 [14] (n=314) 314 NA USA Case series/NA All PE 15; IHE# Sista et al. 2017 [20] (n=87) 87 NA USA Case series/NA All PE 15; IHE Mahar et al. 2018 [17] (n=118) 118 NA USA Case series/NA All PE 13; IHE Chaudhury et al. 2019 [5] (n=769) 426 343 USA Cohort/historical cohort All PE 7; Newcastle¶ Jen et al. 2019 [13] (n=321) 167 154 Singapore Cohort/historical cohort All PE 7; Newcastle Wright et al. 2019 [24] (n=305) 146 159 USA Cohort/historical cohort Intermediate/high risk 7; Newcastle Xenos et al. 2019 [25] (n=1069) 77 992 USA Cohort/historical cohort All PE 8; Newcastle Annabathula et al. 2020 [12] (n=530) 304 226 USA Cohort/historical cohort All PE 7; Newcastle Carroll et al. 2020 [6] (n=2042) 1158 884 USA Cohort/historical cohort All PE 9; Newcastle Khaing et al. 2020 [15] (n=52) 52 NA USA Case series/NA Intermediate/high risk 17; IHE Kwok et al. 2020 [16] (n=141) 60 81 USA Cohort/no PERT activation All PE 7; Newcastle Melamed et al. 2020 [21] (n=1105) 411 694 USA Cohort/historical cohort with treatment algorithm All PE 6; Newcastle Myc et al. 2020 [18] (n=554) 120 434 USA Cohort/historical cohort and no PERT activation All PE 7; Newcastle Romano et al. 2020 [19] (n=128) 128 NA Canada Case series/NA Intermediate/high risk 15; IHE Sławek-Szmyt et al. 2020 [22] (n=80) 80 NA Poland Prospective case series All PE 15; IHE Wiske et al. 2020 [23] (n=179) 179 NA USA Case series/NA Intermediate/high risk 13; IHE NA: not applicable; PE: pulmonary embolism; PERT: pulmonary embolism response team. #: Institute of Health Economics (IHE) for case series studies; maximum score is 20; higher score, less risk of bias and higher quality. ¶: Newcastle Ottawa for cohort studies; maximum score is 9; higher score, less risk of bias and higher quality.
- TABLE 2
Outcomes reported in the different studies
Variable PERT group Control group Studies with outcome (n=16) Number of patients Number with outcome Studies with outcome in control (n=9) Number of patients Number with outcome Mortality# 15 3681 278 8 3808 351 Bleeding complications 12 2889 302 6 2122 184 LOS 9 2495 NA 6 3031 NA ICU LOS 6 1098 NA 4 2066 NA Readmission 3 1522 259 2 965 126 ICH 7 2235 27 2 1227 17 IVC filter 11 2689 308 5 1901 166 The table provides the total number of patients by variable and by group. Numbers will be higher than those used in figure 2, which includes only studies that reported the outcome in the pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) and control groups.
IVC: inferior vena cava; ICH: intracerebral haemorrhage; ICU: intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay; NA: not applicable.
#: Wright et al. [24] does not report mortality.
- TABLE 3
Advanced treatment strategies by group
Treatment Total
(n=7794)PERT group
(n=3827)Control group
(n=3967)OR# 95% CI p-value CD interventions 390 (5%) 314 (8%) 94 (2.37%) 2.63 2.00–3.45 <0.01 Systemic thrombolysis 284 (3.6%) 190 (5%) 94 (2.37%) 1.58 0.76–3.28 0.22 ECMO 62 (0.8%) 43 (0.9%) 36 (0.91%) 1.51 0.91–2.52 0.11 Embolectomy¶ 32 (0.41%) 25 (0.63%) 7 (0.2%) 1.09 0.44–2.71 0.85 IVC filter 656 (7.25%) 308 (8%) 257 (6.47%) 0.71 0.58–0.88 <0.01 Total+ 1343 (17.23%) 890 (23.26%) 440 (11.09%) CD: catheter-directed; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IVC: inferior vena cava; OR: odds ratio; PERT: pulmonary embolism response team.
#: OR corresponds to the subset included in meta-analysis.
¶: excluding Annabathula et al. [12], which combines surgical and catheter-assisted embolectomies.
+: total interventions under PERT and control.
Supplementary Material
Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.
Supplementary material ERR-0023-2022.SUPPLEMENT
