Respiratory distress syndrome | Human (infants) | ↓↓↓ | ↓ SP-A | ↓↓↓ | [24–26, 52, 53] |
Mice (SP-B−/−) | No data | ↓ | ↓↓↓ | [54, 55] |
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | Human | ↑↑↑ (↑ %PI, ↓ %PG and %PC) | ↑ all | ↓ in ABCA3 mutations | [31–35, 37, 39] |
Mice (GM-CSF−/−) | ↑↑↑ | = or ↑ SP-A | = | [40, 56–59] |
Pulmonary infection |
Various | Human (children) | ↑ total (↓ PC) | ↓ SP-A | ↓↓↓ | [60, 61] |
Respiratory syncytial virus | Human (infants) | ↑ total | ↓ SP-A, SP-B and SP-D | No data | [14, 62, 63] |
Mice | = | No data | ↓↓↓ | [64] |
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia | Mice | = | No data | ↓↓↓ | [65] |
Asthma |
Baseline | Human (children and adults) | = total (↓ or = %DPPC) | No data | = | [60, 66–70] |
Guinea pigs (OA) | = total, PC, PI, PE and PG | No data | ↓↓ | [71, 72, 73] |
Acute asthma attack and
allergen challenge | Human (children and adults) | = total (↓ %DPPC) | No data | ↓↓↓ | [67, 70, 74] |
Mice (Aspergillus fumigatus) | No data | ↓ SP-B | ↓↓↓ | [75] |
Pulmonary fibrosis |
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Human | ↓ total (↑ PI, ↓ PG and ↓ DPPC) | = SP-D, ↓ SP-A | No data | [36, 76–81] |
Rats (bleomycin) | ↑ total | = SP-A | ↓↓ | [82, 83] |
Mice (bleomycin) | ↑ total (↑ PC and PG, ↓ PE) | No data | ↓↓ | [84–86, 87, 88] |
Mice (TGF-β1) | No data | ↓ SP-B and SP-C | ↓↓ | [89] |
Silicosis | Human | ↓ total | No data | No data | [76] |
Mice (silica) | ↑ total | ↑ SP-A | No data | [90] |
Cigarette smoking | Mice | = or ↑ total (↓ %PC, ↑ oxPC) | = SP-B | No data | [91–93, 94, 95] |
Rats | = total (↓ %DPPC) | ↓ SP-A, SP-B | ↓↓ | [96, 97, 98] |
Human (healthy smokers) | = or ↓ total (↑ %PE, ↑ % PG, ↓ %PC) | ↓ SP-A, SP-D | ↓↓ | [99, 100, 101–106, 107] |
COPD | Human | = or ↓ total (= or ↓ %PG, %PC) | ↓ SP-A, = SP-B, SP-C, SP-D | No data | [91, 102, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112] |
E-cigarette vaping | Mice | ↑ total (↑ DSPC, MPPC, = DPPC) | ↓ SP-A, SP-D | No data | [113] |
Human | No data | No data | No data | |