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Influenza vaccination: protecting the most vulnerable

Alex R. Tanner, Robert B. Dorey, Nathan J. Brendish, Tristan W. Clark
European Respiratory Review 2021 30: 200258; DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0258-2020
Alex R. Tanner
1Dept of Medicine for the Elderly, The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
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  • For correspondence: alextanner757@gmail.com
Robert B. Dorey
2NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Nathan J. Brendish
3School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
4Dept of Infection, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Tristan W. Clark
3School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
4Dept of Infection, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
5NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Summary of the number needed to treat (NNT) with the influenza vaccine in different age groups to protect against influenza

    NNT against influenzaRelative risk (95% CI)
    Age 3–16 years (LAIV)70.22 (0.11–0.41)
    Age 2–16 years (IIV)50.36 (0.28–0.48)
    Healthy adults710.41 (0.36–0.47)
    Age >65 years300.42 (0.27–0.66)

    Data compiled from Cochrane reviews on influenza vaccination preventing influenza in healthy adults, children and >65-year-olds [33–35]. LAIV: live attenuated influenza vaccine; IIV: inactivated influenza vaccine.

    • TABLE 2

      Summary of the influenza vaccine recommendations made in the joint Department of Health and Social Care, Public Health England and NHS England “annual flu letter”

      Vaccine
      Age 2–17 yearsQuadrivalent LAIV
      Age 18–64 years (in clinical high-risk group due to illness, plus pregnant women, those in residential homes, carers, close contacts of immunocompromised)Quadrivalent influenza vaccine: standard egg-grown or newly licensed cell-based vaccines
      Age ≥65 yearsAdjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine or cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine. High-dose trivalent vaccine is licensed, but not currently funded under the NHS as it has a significantly higher price

      LAIV: live attenuated influenza vaccine; NHS: National Health Service.

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      Influenza vaccination: protecting the most vulnerable
      Alex R. Tanner, Robert B. Dorey, Nathan J. Brendish, Tristan W. Clark
      European Respiratory Review Mar 2021, 30 (159) 200258; DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0258-2020

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      Influenza vaccination: protecting the most vulnerable
      Alex R. Tanner, Robert B. Dorey, Nathan J. Brendish, Tristan W. Clark
      European Respiratory Review Mar 2021, 30 (159) 200258; DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0258-2020
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      • Article
        • Abstract
        • Abstract
        • Introduction
        • The influenza virus: varied, drifting and shifting
        • Influenza vaccine design and delivery
        • Annual influenza vaccine effectiveness in different populations
        • The problems with measuring vaccine effectiveness
        • Causes of poor vaccine effectiveness
        • Developing the universal vaccine
        • Ageing and vaccine effectiveness
        • Strategies to overcome poor vaccine effectiveness in the elderly
        • The indirect benefits to the vulnerable of vaccinating others
        • UK vaccination perspective
        • Comparing the UK perspective with approaches in European Union countries
        • Conclusions and future research
        • Footnotes
        • References
      • Figures & Data
      • Info & Metrics
      • PDF

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      • Pulmonary pharmacology and therapeutics
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