Figures
- FIGURE 1
Typical example of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP). Coronal a) and axial b) computed tomography (CT) slices show bilateral basal and peripheral ground-glass opacity. Some superimposed fine linear opacities are also seen, especially on the left side (coronal slice a)), corresponding with thickened inter- and intralobular septa.
- FIGURE 2
Typical examples of histopathological findings in desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) using a hematoxylin–eosin stain. The low-power view a) demonstrates diffuse filling of alveolar spaces with macrophages, as well as diffuse widening of alveolar septa (asterisks) suggestive of a fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern. Scale bar=1 mm. The medium-power view b) shows complete filling of a single alveolus with slightly pigmented macrophages (asterisk). Scale bar=0.1 mm. The high-power view c) shows reactive pneumocytic epithelial cells, alveolar filling with macrophages and sporadic eosinophils (arrows). Scale bar=0.05 mm.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics
Study (first author) Liebow Gaensler Tubbs Valdivia Carrington Yousem Hartman Akira Travis Ryu Craig Baloira Kawabata Individual cases Total Country of study USA USA USA USA USA USA Canada Japan USA USA UK Spain Japan Various – Year published 1965 1966 1977 1977 1978 1989 1993 1997 2000 2004 2004 2007 2012 1966–2019 – Patients 18 12 26 30 40 36 22 8 16 23 20 12 31 68 362 Male gender 10 (56) 7 (58) 17 (65) – 28 (70) 26 (72) 6 (22) 7 (88) 7 (44) 11 (48) 12 (60) 12 (100) 29 (96) 52 (76) 224 (62) Age years 42 (16–61) 39 (17–65) 52 (24–75) – 42±12 42 (17–67) 43 (22–71) 56±8 42 (27–79) 46±10 43 (27–74) 50±16 55±13 45±14 – Non-productive cough 14 (78) – 17 (65) – – – – – – 10 (43) – 9 (75) – 46 (68) 96/147 (65) Exertional dyspnoea 18 (100) – 23 (88) – – – – – – 20 (87) – 7 (58) – 58 (85) 127/147 (86) Chest pain 9 (50) – 1 (4) – – – – – – 4 (17) – 0 (0) – 12 (18) 26/147 (19) Fever – – – – – – – – – – – – – 21 (31) 21/68 (31) Fatigue – – – – – – – – – – – – – 15 (22) 15/68 (22) Anorexia/weight loss 6 (33) – 1 (4) – – – – – – – – – – 8 (12) 15/112 (13) Symptoms prior to presentation months 17 (2–72) – – – – – – – – – – – – 14 (0.25–120) 13 (1–120) No symptoms (incidental finding) – – 1 (4) – – – – – – 1 (4) – 1 (8) – 5 (7) 8/129 (6) Normal physical examination – – – – – – – – – – – – – 13 (19) 13/68 (19) Crackles – – 17 (65) – – – – – – 13 (57) – 11 (92) – 41 (72) 82/129 (64) Clubbing 5 (28) – 12 (46) – – – – – – 6 (26) – 7 (58) – 18 (32) 48/147 (33) Data are presented as n, n (%), n/n (%), mean±sd, or mean (range). Available data from case series and individual cases are presented. Totals data are summarised as percentages of available data.
- TABLE 2
Patient smoking history
Study (last name first author) Tubbs Carrington Yousem Akira Travis Ryu Craig Baloira Kawabata Individual cases Total Patients 26# 40¶ 36 8 16 23 20 12 31 68 359 Smoking status Active smoking – – – 6 14 18 12 4 28 31 113 (70) No active smoking – – – 2 0 5 8 8 2 24 49 (30) Former smoking – – – 1 0 2 0 6 0 9 17 (11) Never smoking – – – 1 0 3 8 2 2 15 31 (19) Unknown 26 40 36 0 2 0 0 0 1 13 200 (56) Smoking duration pack-years >10 >10 3 – 38 (3–75) 39 (10–90) 25 (3–80) – 52±41 42 (5–150) – Data are presented as n, n (%), mean±sd, or mean (range). Available data on smoking exposition in case series and individual cases are presented. Totals data are summarised as percentages of available data. #: 58% of patients smoked more than 10 pack-years. The proportion of ever smoking or active smoking patients is unknown. ¶: 90% of patients smoked more than 10 pack-years. The proportion of ever smoking or active smoking patients is unknown.
- TABLE 3
Treatment strategies and outcomes
Study (last name first author) Tubbs Carrington Yousem Akira Travis Ryu Baloira Kawabata Individual cases Total Treatment – 26/40 (65) – – – 21/23 (91) 12/12 (100) 31/31 (100) 61/67 (91) 151/173 (87) Removal of exposure – – – – – 4/27 (15) 17/31 (55) 6/61 (10) 27/119 (23) Prednisolone – – – – – 21/23 (91) 9/12 (75) 31/31 (100) 58/67 (86) 119/133 (89) Other first/second line treatment – – – – – – 3/12 (25) – 12/67 (18) 15/79 (19) Follow-up years – 3.1±2.8 9 (0.8–22) 3.2±1.3 – 3.1±3.7 1.9 (0.8–5.8) 8.25 – – Outcome Improvement 7/14 (50) 16/26 (62) 14/25 (56) 2/6 (33) – 1/19 (5) 4/8 (50) 30/31 (97)+ 37/66 (57) 111/195 (57) Stable – 3/26 (11) 3/25 (12) 3/6 (50) 12/18 (67) 12/19 (63) 2/8 (25) – 5/66 (8) 37/168 (22) Worsened 7/14 (50) 7/26 (27) 8/25 (32) 1/6 (147) 5/18 (28) 1/19 (5) 2/8 (25) 5/14 (36) – 26/130 (20) Death – – – – 1/18 (6)# 5/19 (25)¶ – 1/31 (3) 14/66 (22) 21/134 (16) Transplantation – – – – – – – – 2/66 (3) 2/66 (3) Relapse – – – – – – – – 12/62 (18) 12/62 (18) PFT Normalised – – – – – – – – 7/39 (18) 7/39 (18) Improved – – – – – – 6/9 (67) – 15/39 (38) 16/48 (33) Stabilised – – – – – – 1/9 (11) – 10/39 (26) 11/48 (23) Deteriorated – – – – – – 2/9 (22) – 7/39 (18) 9/48 (19) Data are presented as n/n (%), mean, mean±sd, or mean (range). Available data from case series and individual cases are presented. Totals data are summarised as percentages of available data. PFT: pulmonary function test; CT: computed tomography. #: patient committed suicide; ¶: two patients died of cancer; +: five out of 14 patients with follow-up CT developed honeycombing during follow-up. Outcomes were not uniformly good as suggested by these data.
Supplementary Material
Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.
Supplementary_Table_1.pdf ERR-0181-2019_Supplementary_Table_1
Supplementary_Table_2.pdf ERR-0181-2019_Supplementary_Table_2
Supplementary_Table_3.pdf ERR-0181-2019_Supplementary_Table_3
Supplementary_Figure_1.pdf ERR-0181-2019_Supplementary_Figure_1
