Tables
- TABLE 1
Studies concerned with quality of life by sex in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
First author [ref.] Country Quality of life (tools used) COPD stage Females/males n Results De Torres [82] Spain, single-centre SGRQ GOLD II, III 73/73 Quality of life more impaired in females
Dyspnoea and arterial saturation: only factors associated with the SGRQ score, unlike males for whom exercise capacity, dyspnoea and comorbidities are found
Katsura [83] Japan, single-centre SGRQ–SF-36,
Philadelphia Geriatric Center morale scale
GOLD II 39/117 SGRQ: highest score for activity, impact and total score among females compared with males
SF-36 highest score on perceived health and health compared with 1 year ago for females/malesKaptein [84] Netherlands Telephone or e-mail questionnaire:
intimate physical contact scale (IPCS) or Respiratory Experiences with Sexuality Profiles (RESP)COPD, asthma 55 patients (of whom 10 females and 15 males with COPD) Reduced sexual activity in males and deterioration in quality of sex life
More seldom occurrence in womenRodrìguez- González Moro [85] Spain SF-12 (used during consultations with pulmonologists and treating physician) GOLD II, III 1786/1661 Quality of life more impaired in females, particularly concerning the mental and physical aspects of SF-12 Raherison [1] France, multicentre SGRQ, HADS, Q-MAT (for active smokers)
GOLD II, III, IV 247/183 Poorer anxiety and quality of life scores in females even though lung function impairment was less severe than in males SGRQ: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; SF: short-form; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; HADS: hospital anxiety and depression scale.
- TABLE 2
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to sex
First author [ref.] Population Patients n COPD Females % Anxiety Depression Anxiety and depression Di Marco[34] Italian 202 Moderate to severe 23.3 38.3/25.2 38.3/12.9 25.5/6.5 Laurin [90] Canadian 116 Moderate to severe 53 56/35 24/12 Not provided Raherison [1] French 430 Moderate to severe 57.4 29.4/16.8 19/4.6 Not provided Data are presented as females/males %, unless otherwise stated.
- TABLE 3
Osteoporosis risk factors
Major factors Minor factors Systemic corticosteroids for >3 months·year−1 Body mass index <21 Prior vertebral compression fracture Active smoker Chronic alcoholism Aged >65 years Hip fracture Rib fracture Menopause Sedentariness FEV1 <50% of theoretical value FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s.
Jump To
- Article
- Abstract
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The rise of smoking among women
- Epidemiology of COPD in women
- Is there a specific COPD-related phenotype in women?
- Nonsmoking-related COPD
- Psychological and social impact of COPD: are men and women equal?
- Lung cancer and COPD in women
- Therapeutic care
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Footnotes
- References
- Figures & Data
- Info & Metrics