Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flow chart of all the harvested papers. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; ILD: interstitial lung disease.
- FIGURE 2
Comparison of radiological findings of interstitial lung disease with thin-slices multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Honeycombing at a) thin-slices MDCT and b) MRI two-dimensional axial PROPELLER T2-weighted sequence in a 78-year-old female with secondary usual interstitial pneumonia from collagen vascular disease. The magnified images of MDCT (a1) and MRI (b1) show honeycombing (black arrow) and the area of ground-glass opacity (white arrow). The high signal of ground-glass opacity might be due to water content and therefore indicates active inflammation. Ground-glass opacity at c) thin-slices MDCT and d) MRI sagittal reformat three-dimensional SPGR proton density-weighted sequence pre-contrast in a 62-year-old male with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. On the magnified images of MDCT (c1) and MRI (d1), the ground-glass opacity is harder to identify on MRI (white arrow) than on MDCT (black arrow). Reticulation at e) thin-slices MDCT and f) MRI coronal reformat three-dimensional SPGR after T1-weighted contrast-enhanced administration (at 20 min) in a 78-year-old female with secondary usual interstitial pneumonia from collagen vascular disease. In the magnified images of MDCT (e1) and MRI (f1) the different appearance of reticulation on MRI (white arrow) and MDCT (black arrow) is probably due to both a different breathing condition (MDCT inspiration versus MRI expiration) and slice thickness (MDCT 1 mm versus MRI 3 mm).
- FIGURE 3
T1-contrast enhancement signal characteristics in the fibrotic and normal lung parenchyma pre- and post-contrast injection at ∼5, 10 and 20 min in a 73-year-old female with fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. a) Chest magnetic resonance imaging axial reformat three-dimensional SPGR proton density-weighted pre-contrast. Axial reformats three-dimensional SPGR T1-weighted post-contrast at b) 5 min and c) 10 min. d) Contrast enhancement subtraction image (10 min image subtracted to pre-contrast). e) Axial maximum slope of increase of contrast enhancement. f) Contrast enhancement curves for fibrotic and normal lung at different time-points, Green region of interest in (a) and arrow in (f) indicate fibrotic lung tissue, while white region of interest in (a) and arrowhead in (f) indicate normal lung tissue. Note progressive contrast enhancement of fibrotic lung with peak at 10 min (arrow), while normal lung has a lower contrast enhancement with signal decay after the first 5 min (arrowhead).
- FIGURE 4
Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at multiple b-values in a 72-year-old female with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. a) Three-dimensional SPGR proton density-weighted (PD-w) image, b) two-dimensional fat suppressed PROPELLER T2-weighted image, c–e) DWI at b-values c) 200, d) 400 and e) 800 s·mm−2, and f) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. Note area of inflammation in proton density-weighted image (arrow in a), which has a high T2-weighted signal (arrow in b) and shows signal decay by increasing b-values in the DWI images (arrows in c–e). In the apparent diffusion coefficient maps, the same area in the right lower lobe is hyperintense possibly indicating either high water content or increased perfusion.
- FIGURE 5
T2 mapping. a) Native axial multi-echo three-dimensional SPGR in a 72-year-old female with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. b) Post-processed R2* map (R2*=1/T2*) axial with region of interest 1 in normal lung tissue (2395 Hz=0.42 ms) and region of interest 2 in fibrotic lung tissue (887 Hz=1.13 ms). Note how T2* is longer in fibrotic tissue, therefore R2 is smaller (low signal-to-noise ratio) compared to normal tissue. Post-processing performed with Advantage Window Server 2.0 (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA).
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary Material
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