Figures
- FIGURE 1
Small pulmonary arteries exhibiting irregular intimal and medial thickening within emphysematous lung parenchyma. Haematoxylin–eosin–saffron staining. Scale bar=100 µm.
- FIGURE 2
a) Actin immunostaining of a remodelled small pulmonary artery. The neointima is thickened by the affluence of cells phenotypically similar to smooth muscle cells (SMC-like cells), expressing actin. b) Desmin immunostaining of the same remodelled pulmonary artery. The neointimal SMC-like cells do not express desmin, unlike medial smooth muscle cells. Both images courtesy of P. Dorfmüller, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France. Scale bars=100 µm.
- FIGURE 3
a) Small pulmonary arteries within a fibrotic area (usual interstitial pneumonia lung). The narrowing of the vascular lumen is the result of both intimal fibrosis and medial smooth muscle increase. Haematoxylin–eosin–saffron staining. Scale bar=250 μm. b) Remodelled small pulmonary arteries outside fibrosis in usual interstitial pneumonia lung. Haematoxylin–eosin–saffron staining. Scale bar=200 μm.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Classification of pulmonary hypertension, group 3
1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension 1′ Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis 1′′ Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn 2 Pulmonary hypertension owing to left heart disease 3 Pulmonary hypertension owing to lung diseases and/or hypoxia 3.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.2 Interstitial lung disease 3.3 Other pulmonary diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive pattern 3.4 Sleep disordered breathing 3.5 Alveolar hypoventilation disorders 3.6 Chronic exposure to high altitude 3.7 Developmental abnormalities 4 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 5 Pulmonary hypertension with unclear multifactorial mechanisms Data from [1].
