29a-3p | SSc and normal dermal fibroblasts | miR-29a-3p mimic/antimir | Bcl-2 Bax | Case–control | dcSSc=10, controls=10 | [18] |
29a-3p, 29b-3p, 29c-3p, pre-mir-29a, pre-mir-29b | Dermal fibroblasts | qPCR, pre-mir29a/b mimic | N/A | Cross-sectional | Controls=9 | [17] |
29a-3p, 29b-3p, 29c-3p, pre-mir-29a, pre-mir-29b, pre-mir-29c | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts | qPCR, pre-miR29a/b/c mimic/antimir | COL1A1, COL3A1 | Case–control | SSc=12, controls=11 | [15] |
29c-3p, pre-mir-29c | IPF and normal lung biopsy; primary mesenchymal cells and controls; pulmonary fibroblasts | qPCR, miR-29c-3p overexpression/knockdown lentiviral transfection | N/A | Case–control | IPF=11, controls=10 | [22] |
29c-3p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; pulmonary fibroblasts; decellularised primary human lung; ECM | qPCR, miR-29c-3p lentiviral transfection | COL6A2, LAMA2, COL4A2, COL1A2, LAMC1, COL4A1, COL1A1, COL5A1, NID1, MFAP2 | Case–control | IPF=5, controls=5 | [23] |
21-5p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts | qPCR, in situ hybridisation, miR-21-5p mimic/antimir | FN1, ACTA2, COL1A1, COL1A2 | Case–control | dcSSc=4, lcSSc=2, controls=4 | [28] |
9-5p, 10a-5p, 15a-5p, 21-5p, 31-5p, 125a-5p, 125b-5p, 137-3p, 181a-5p, 203a-3p, 218-5p, 381-3p, 410, let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c | Serum | Array, initial qPCR for miR-146a-5p, 155-5p, let-7a-5p, 181a-5p, 454-5p, let-7b-5p, 28-3p and miR-885-5p; confirmatory qPCR for miR-21-5p, 199a-5p, 200c-3p, 31-5p, let-7a-5p and let-7d-5p | N/A | Case–control | Rapidly progressive=12, slowly progressive IPF=12, controls for profiling=12; rapidly progressive IPF=20, slowly progressive IPF =24, controls=20 for qPCR confirmation | [24] |
21-5p, 155-5p | Serum | qPCR | N/A | Case–control | IPF=65, controls=65 | [30] |
21-5p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; MRC-5 and IMR-90, HEK-293 cells | Northern blotting, in situ hybridisation, miR-21-5p mimic/antimir | N/A | Case–control | IPF=8, controls=8 | [31] |
21-5p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; human alveolar type 2 cells | qPCR, in situ hybridisation | N/A | Case–control | IPF=3, controls=3 | [32] |
21-5p, 29a-3p, 92a-3p, 101-3p, 106a-5p, 142-3p, 155-5p, 181b-5p-5p, 184-3p, 223-3p, 342-3p, 409-3p, let-7c | Serum | qPCR | N/A | Cross-sectional | dcSSc=32, lcSSc=63 | [21] |
17-5p, 20a-5p, 29b-3p, 92a-3p, 106a-5p, 142-3p, 145-5p, 146b-5p, 181b-5p-5p, 221-3p, 223-3p, 342-3p | Serum | qPCR | N/A | Case–control | dcSSc=41, lcSSc=79, SLE=29, controls=40 | [20] |
26a-5p, 30a-5p, 30b-5p, 30d-5p, 92a-3p, 101-3p, 125a-5p, 126-3p, 184-3p, 203a-3p, 218-5p, 222-3p, 375-3p, let-7d-5p, let-7g-5p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; pulmonary fibroblasts | qPCR, miR-30a-5p, 30d-5p, 92a-3p mimic/antimir | WISP1 | Case–control | IPF=8, controls=7 | [37] |
92a-3p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts; serum | qPCR, miR-92a-3p mimic | N/A | Case–control | dcSSc=23, lcSSc=38, SSD=12, DM=7, SLE=7, controls=18 | [34] |
17∼92 cluster (17-5p, 18a-5p, 19a-3p, 19b-3p, 20a-5p, 92a-3p) | IPF and COPD lung biopsy; normal and IPF pulmonary fibroblasts | qPCR, in situ hybridisation, miR-17∼92 mimic/antimir | N/A | Case–control | >80% FVC IPF+COPD=7, 50–80% FVC IPF+COPD=8, <50% FVC IPF+COPD=9, controls=10 | [38] |
26a-5p, 27b-3p, 30a-5p, 30d-5p, 92a-3p, 125a-5p, 125b-5p, 140-5p, 145-5p, 197-3p, 214-3p, 377-3p, 381-3p, 486-5p, let-7g-5p | Skin biopsy | Array, qPCR let-7g-5p, 206-3p, 125b-5p | N/A (identified by computational prediction algorithms) | Case–control | SSc=3, controls=3 | [36] |
21-5p, 29b-3p, 31-5p, 145-5p, 146a-5p, 503-5p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts | Array, qPCR for miR-21, 31, 503, 146, 145, 29b | SMAD7, SMAD3 COL1A1 | Case–control | dcSSc=5, lcSSc=2, controls=7 | [16] |
30a-3p | SSc and normal skin; rheumatoid arthritis and normal synovial biopsy; dermal fibroblasts, fibroblasts-like synoviocytes | qPCR, miR-30a-3p mimic/antimir | BAFF | Case–control | FLS: RA=5, controls=5; DF: SSc=4, controls=3 | [50] |
9-5p, 10a-5p, 15a-5p, 17-5p, 18a-5p, 20a-5p, 21-5p, 22-3p, 26a-5p, 92a-3p, 93-5p, 96-5p, 100-5p, 101-3p, 103a-3p, 106b-5p, 125a-5p, 126-3p, 130a-3p, 132-3p, 133b-3p, 134, 137-3p, 141-3p, 142-3p, 142-5p, 146a-5p, 155-5p, 181a-5p, 182-5p, 205-5p, 210, 214-3p, 222-3p, 223-3p, 301a-3p, 302c-3p, 345-5p, 370, 375-3p, 424-5p, 520g, let-7a-5p, let-7b, let-7c, let-7d-5p, let-7g-5p | Serum; dermal fibroblasts; skin tissues | Array, qPCR for let-7a-5p, in situ hybridisation, let-7a mimic/antimir | N/A | Case–control | Serum: dcSSc=20, lcSSc=19, LSc=39, SLE=8, DM=8, controls=17; skin tissues: SSc=7, LSc=7, keloid=5, controls=7 | [43] |
19a-5p, 26a-5p, 30b-5p, 106b-5p, 181a-5p, 181b-5p, 203a-3p, 205-5p, 302c-3p, 409-3p, 410 let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c, let-7d-5p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts; serum | qPCR, miR-30b-5p mimic | PDGFR-β, COL1A2, ACTA2 | Case–control | dcSSc=18, lcSSc=32, controls=24 | [45] |
10a-5p, 15a-5p, 17-5p, 18a-5p, 20a-5p, 21-5p, 93-5p, 96-5p, 101-3p, 103a-3p, 106b-5p, 130a-3p, 132-3p, 133b-3p, 134, 137-3p, 141-3p, 142-5p, 142-3p, 155-5p, 182-5p, 210, 301a-3p, 370, 424-5p, 520g, let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c, let-7d-5p, let-7g-5p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts | Array, qPCR for miR-150, in situ hybridisation, miR-150 mimic | N/A | Case–control | Serum: dcSSc=20, lcSSc=20, DM=5, SLE=5, controls=20; skin tissues: dcSSc=5, controls=5 | [46] |
1-3p, 9-5p, 10a-5p, 15a-5p, 17-5p, 18a-5p, 20a-5p, 21-5p, 22-3p, 26a-5p, 92a-3p, 93-5p, 96-5p, 100-5p, 101-3p, 103a-3p, 106b-5p, 125a-5p, 126-3p, 128-3p, 130a-3p, 132-3p, 133b-3p, 134, 137-3p, 142-5p, 142-3p, 155-5p, 181a-5p, 182-5p, 205-5p, 210, 214-3p, 218-5p, 222-3p, 223-3p, 301a-3p, 302c-3p, 370, 375-3p, 424-5p, 520g, let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c, let-7d-5p, let-7g-5p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts | Array, qPCR for miR-196a, miR-196a mimic/antimir | N/A | Case–control | Serum: dcSSc=20, lcSSc=20, controls=25; skin tissues: SSc=5, TGF-β-stimulated=5, controls=5 | [49] |
1-3p | SSc and normal dermal fibroblasts | Array | N/A | Case–control | Skin tissues: dcSSc=6, controls=8 | [54] |
142-3p | Serum | qPCR | N/A | Case–control | dcSSc=23, lcSSc=38, SSD=12, controls=20, SLE=8, DM=8 | [51] |
9-5p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; human fetal lung fibroblasts; human mesothelial cells | Array, qPCR for miR-9-5p, in situ hybridisation, pre-miR-9-5p mimic/antimir | TGFBR2, NOX4, ACTA2, COL1A1, FN1 | Case–control | IPF=7, controls=3 | [55] |
31-5p, 424-5p | TGF-β1 stimulated and normal human lung epithelial cells (A549) | Array, miR-424-5p, 1224-5p and 23b-3p overexpression/knockdown lentiviral transfection | N/A | Case–control | Cells | [57] |
96-5p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; pulmonary fibroblasts | qPCR, in situ hybridisation, miR-96-5p mimic/antimir | FoxO3a, p27, p21, BIM | Case–control | IPF=8, controls=8 | [53] |
210 | IPF and normal lung biopsy; lung mesenchymal cells | qPCR, in situ hybridisation, miR-210 overexpression/knockdown lentiviral transfection | N/A | Case–control | IPF=7, controls=6 | [48] |
26a-5p | Human lung epithelial cells (A549) | Array (downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database), miR-26a-5p mimic/antimir | Human genes annotated in the biological process of “EMT” were downloaded from the Gene Ontology database (GO:0001837) | Case–control | Cells | [41] |
26a-5p, 30a-5p, 30b-5p, 133b-3p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; human fetal lung fibroblasts | Array, miR-26a-5p mimic | COL1A1, COL3A1 | Case–control | IPF=8, controls=10 cells | [40] |
let-7d-5p | Human fetal lung fibroblasts, human lung fibroblasts, human fetal foreskin fibroblasts | let-7d-5p overexpression lentiviral transfection | PAI-1, HMGA2, ACTA2, CDH2, ID1, ID2, SLUG, FSP-1, FN1, KRT19 | Case–control | Cells | [47] |
140-5p | Human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549) | qPCR, miR-140-5p mimic/antimir | | Case–control | IPF=5, controls=5 cells | [56] |
1-3p, 10a-5p, 17-5p, 27b-3p, 30a-3p, 30a-5p, 30b-3p, 30d-5p, 126-3p, 133b-3p, 181a-5p, 184-3p-3p, 203a-3p, 210, 222-3p, 370, 375-3p, 377-3p, 381-3p, 409-3p, 410, 520g, let-7d-5p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; IPF, TGF-β-stimulated and normal human lung fibroblasts | Array, miR-154-5p mimic/antimir | MEG3, DKK2, DIXDC1, PPP2CA, FZD 4/5/6, LRP, KREMEN1, β-CATENIN, WISP1 | Case–control | IPF=13, controls=12; IPF=32, controls=28 for qPCR confirmation | [44] |
15a-5p, 17-5p, 18a-5p, 19a-5p, 20a-5p, 21-5p, 22-3p, 27b-3p, 29a-3p, 29b-3p, 29c-3p, 30a-5p, 30b-5p, 92a-3p, 93-5p, 96-5p, 100-5p, 101-3p, 103a-3p, 106b, 125a-5p, 126-3p, 128, 130a, 140-5p, 141, 142-3p, 142-5p, 155, 181b-5p, 210, 222-3p, 223-3p, 302c-3p, 424-5p, let-7c, let-7d-5p | IPF and normal lung biopsy, IPF and normal lung fibroblasts | Array | N/A | Case–control | Rapidly progressive IPF=9, slowly progressive IPF=6, controls=10 | [29] |
26a-5p, 30a-3p, 30b-5p, 30d-5p, 92a-3p, 125a-5p, 126-3p, 132-3p, 134, 155-5p, 182-5p, 184-3p, 197-3p, 203a-3p, 205-5p, 214-3p, 409-3p, let-7d-5p | IPF and normal lung tissues, A549 cells | Array, qPCR for 26a-5p, 30a-3p, 30b-5p, 30d-5p, 92a-3p, let-7d-5p mimic/inhibitor | HMGA2, CDH2, VIM, ACTA2 | Case–control | IPF=10, controls=10 cells | [39] |
130a-3p, 142-5p | BAL fluid samples; IPF and normal macrophages | qPCR | N/A | Case–control | IPF=9, control=7 | [52] |
29a-3p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts | qPCR, mir-29a mimic | COL1A1, TIMP1, TAB1 | Case–control | SSc=4–6, controls=4–6 | [19] |
130b-3p | SSc and normal skin biopsy; dermal fibroblasts | qPCR, miR-130b-3p mimic/antimir | COL1A1, COL1A2, FN1, ASMA | Case-control | SSc=14, controls=14 | [58] |
130b-3p | IPF and normal lung biopsy; human primary type II alveolar epithelial and lung fibroblasts | qPCR, miR-130b-3p mimic/antimir | IGF1 | Case–control | IPF=4, controls=3 | [59] |
26a-5p, let-7d-5p | Human alveolar basal epithelial cells | qPCR, miR-26a-5p mimic/antimir | LIN28B | Case–control | IPF=106, controls=50 (microarray data set of GSE32538) | [42] |
29b-3p | IPF lung biopsy | qPCR, miR-29b-3p mimic | COL1A1, COL3A1 | Case–control | IPF=16 | [25] |