Figures
- FIGURE 1
Nonexpandable lung. a) A single-use digital pleural manometer for use during thoracentesis. b) Pleural elastance curves representing normal, entrapped and trapped lung. Reproduced and modified from [13] with permission from the publisher. c) Chest radiograph demonstrating nonexpandable lung due to malignancy. A hydropneumothorax is visible at the left base with a large-bore chest drain in situ following thoracoscopy. The patient was treated with an indwelling pleural catheter.
- FIGURE 2
Examples of novel short-term drainage devices. a) 6-French thoracentesis catheter with integrated three-way tap. b) Chest drain bottle with integrated air leak monitor and digital suction. c) Pleural vent with integrated Heimlich valve for treatment of pneumothorax.
- FIGURE 3
Closed pleural biopsy. a) Example of a core-biopsy cutting needle. b) Example of procedural room set-up with operator line of sight and in-plane real-time ultrasound guidance. c) Ultrasound view of irregular parietal pleural thickening with effusion. d) Ultrasound view of irregular diaphragmatic and parietal pleural thickening with effusion. e) High-frequency (10 mHz) real-time ultrasound-guided cutting needle biopsy of pleural and chest wall mass. f) Low frequency (3.5 mHz) real-time ultrasound-guided cutting needle biopsy of parietal pleural thickening.
- FIGURE 4
Medical thoracoscopy. a) Example of procedural room set-up for rigid thoracoscopy. b) Normal parietal pleura with clearly defined anatomy. c) Pleural plaque disease with typical “fried-egg” appearance overlying ribs. d) Diffuse parietal and visceral pleural thickening secondary to mesothelioma with two-port strip biopsy technique. e) Heavily septated pleural space using two-port technique to divide septations in context of intercurrent malignancy and infection. f) Widespread malignant pleural nodularity with two-port biopsy technique.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) outcome data from series totalling more than 100 patients
First author [ref.] Year Total patients n Empyema incidence % Pleurodesis incidence % Symptom improvement % Duration of IPC days Van Meter [64] 2010 1370 2.8 45.6 95.6 51 Rosenstengel [67] 2012 1036 4.8 NA NA NA Suzuki [68] 2011 418 NA 26 91 44 Mekhaiel [69] 2012 259 3.5 n/a n/a 72 Mullon [70] 2011 109 4.6 59 96 90 Total 3192 Mean 3.9 Mean 43.5 Mean 94.2 Mean 64.3 The series by Van Meter [64] is a meta-analysis of 19 smaller studies. NA: not applicable.
Disclosures
Files in this Data Supplement:
