Figures
- FIGURE 1
Thoracic high-resolution computed tomography: a) mediastinal lymphadenopathy b) without hilar lymphadenopathy (case 1).
- FIGURE 2
Thoracic high-resolution computed tomography: predominant diffuse ground-glass opacities associated with a lymphatic distribution of micronodules with fissural spreading and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (case 2).
- FIGURE 3
Chest radiography: a) association of pulmonary infiltration and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy; b) increased infiltration; c) improvement (case 4).
- FIGURE 4
Evolution of pulmonary function tests (case 4). FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.
- FIGURE 5
Evolution of pulmonary function tests (case 5). Arrow: diagnosis of mycobacterial infection and initiation of antimycobacterial treatment. FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.
- FIGURE 6
Algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of reported cases. HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; BHL: bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy; PFT: pulmonary function test; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PET: positron emission tomography. #: blood cell counts, blood creatinine, blood calcium, 24-h urinary calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, serum protein electrophoresis and angiotensin-converting enzyme; ¶: indications for HRCT were 1) atypical clinical and/or radiographic findings, 2) normal chest radiography but a clinical suspicion of sarcoidosis, and 3) detection of pulmonary complications.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Case 3
Patient's value at admission Normal range Serum calcium level mmol·L−1 2.88 2.15–2.50 Albumin plasma level g·L−1 32 36–46 ACE plasma level IU·L−1 51 19–41 TSH plasma level IU·L−1 <0.001 0.27–4.2 T4 plasma levels pmol·L−1 >100 12–22 Antibodies to TSH receptor IU·mL−1 10.4 <2 TPO antibodies IU·mL−1 515 <34 Serum creatinine μmol·L−1 42 45–84 24-h urinary calcium mmol·kg−1 0.9 <0.01 PTH plasma levels ng·L−1 9.4 15–65 25-OH D3 plasma level ng·mL−1 16.2 20–50 1,25-OH D3 plasma level ng·mL−1 29.6 66–167 ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; T4: thyroxine; TPO: thyroid peroxidase; PTH: parathyroid hormone; 25-OH D3: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25-OH D3: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Disclosures
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