Figures
- FIGURE 1
High-resolution computed tomography images of smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). a) Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, b) respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD, c) combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, and d) desquamative interstitial pneumonia.
- FIGURE 2
Chronic nicotine stimulation leads to recruitment of inflammatory cells. nAchR: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Classification of smoking related-interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)
1) Chronic ILDs strongly associated with cigarette smoking Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD Desquamative interstitial pneumonia Adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis 2) Acute ILDs related to smoking Acute eosinophilic pneumonia Pulmonary haemorrhage syndromes 3) ILDs that are more prevalent in smokers Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD 4) ILDs that may be less prevalent in smokers Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Sarcoidosis Reproduced and modified from [4] with permission from the publisher.
