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Pulmonary endarterectomy: the potentially curative treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

David Jenkins
European Respiratory Review 2015 24: 263-271; DOI: 10.1183/16000617.00000815
David Jenkins
Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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  • For correspondence: david.jenkins@papworth.nhs.uk
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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Example scans for a typical patient with operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. a) Perfusion (Q′) and b) ventilation (V′) lung scans. R: right; L: left; ANT: anterior; POST: posterior; LPO: left posterior oblique; RPO: right posterior oblique. c) Computed tomography pulmonary angiography scan. d) Pulmonary angiogram.

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    a) Longitudinal incision in the right pulmonary artery, exposed between the superior vena cava and aorta. b) Developing the endarterectomy dissection plane in the left pulmonary artery. c) Removing the occluded endarterectomy “tails” from the left upper lobe segmental vessels.

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  • TABLE 1

    Classification of pulmonary occlusive disease

    TypeDescriptionOperable?
    1Major vessel clotYes
    Readily visible on opening pulmonary arteries
    20% of cases
    2Only thickened intima can be seenYes
    Endarterectomy plane initially raised in the main, lobar or segmental vessels
    ∼70% of cases
    3Distal diseaseYes
    Confined to segmental and subsegmental branches
    ∼10% of cases
    4Intrinsic small-vessel diseaseNo
    Secondary thrombi may occur from stasis
    • Data from [27].

  • TABLE 2

    Improvements in functional parameters following pulmonary endarterectomy

    Pre-operative3-month follow-upp-value
    Patients n314306
    mPAP mmHg48±1226±10<0.001
    PVR dyn·s·cm−5805±365301±232<0.001
    Cardiac index L·min−1·m−22.0±0.72.5±0.5<0.001
    6MWD m269±119367±108<0.001
    NYHA-FC I/II %8.783.0#
    • mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; NYHA-FC: New York Heart Association functional class. #: 87.5% at 12 months. Reproduced and modified from [29] with permission from the publisher.

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    • D. Jenkins
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Pulmonary endarterectomy: the potentially curative treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
David Jenkins
European Respiratory Review Jun 2015, 24 (136) 263-271; DOI: 10.1183/16000617.00000815

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Pulmonary endarterectomy: the potentially curative treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
David Jenkins
European Respiratory Review Jun 2015, 24 (136) 263-271; DOI: 10.1183/16000617.00000815
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Assessment for operability
    • PEA surgical procedure
    • Potential for peri-operative complications
    • Effectiveness of PEA and survival rates
    • Persistent PH following PEA
    • Management of inoperable thromboembolic disease
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgements
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

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  • Pulmonary vascular disease
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