Figures
- Figure 1.
Multifactorial causes of paediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease. Reproduced from [9] with permission from the publisher.
- Figure 2.
The recently proposed paediatric idiopathic/hereditable pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment algorithm. In Europe, the use of all agents is considered off-label in children, aside from sildenafil. CCB: calcium channel blocker; ERA: endothelin receptor antagonist; PDE-5i: phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor. Reproduced from [18] with permission from the publisher.
Tables
- Table 1. Determinants of risk in paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension
Determinants of risk Lower risk Higher risk Clinical evidence of RV failure No Yes Progression of symptoms No Yes Syncope No Yes Growth Failure to thrive WHO functional class I, II III, IV BNP/NT-proBNP Minimally elevated Significantly elevated, increasing Echocardiography Severe RV enlargement/dysfunction
Pericardial effusionHaemodynamics Systemic CI >3.0 L·min−1·m−2 Systemic CI <2.5 L·min−1·m−2 mPAP/mSAP <0.75 mmHg mPAP/mSAP >0.75 mmHg Acute vasoreactivity RAP >10 mmHg
PVRI >20 WU·m−2RV: right ventricular; WHO: World Health Organization; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-BNP; CI: cardiac index; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; mSAP: mean systemic artery pressure; RAP: right atrial pressure; PVRI: pulmonary vascular resistance index; WU: Wood unit. Reproduced from [18] with permission from the publisher.
Disclosures
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