Figures
- Figure 1.
Characteristics of chronic post-embolic pulmonary hypertension.
Tables
- Table 1. Short-term effects of medical treatment in chronic post-embolic pulmonary hypertension
Treatment Administration First author [Ref.] Study Duration months Patients n NYHA-FC 6MWD m Effect m PVR dyn·s−1·cm−5 Effect % Epoprostenol i.v. Cabrol [6] 3 23 III–IV 280±112 +66 29±7#,¶ -21 Treprostinil Subcutaneously Skoro-Sajer [7] 6 or 19 25 III–IV 260±111 +59 924±347 -13 Iloprost Inhaled Olschewski [8] RCT 3 57 III–IV NA ns NA ns Sildenafil By mouth Ghofrani [9] 6 12 ns 312±30 +54 1935±228+ -30 Sildenafil By mouth Reichenberger [10] 3 104 II–IV 310±11 +51 863±38 -12 Sildenafil By mouth Suntharalingam [11] RCT 3 19 II–III 339±58 +18 (ns) 734±363 -27 Bosentan By mouth Hoeper [12] 3 19 II–IV 340±102 +73 914±329 -33 Bosentan By mouth Hughes [13] 3 20 II–IV 262±106 +45 1165±392# -21 Bosentan By mouth Bonderman [14] 6 16 II–IV 299±131 +92 712±213 NA Bosentan By mouth Seyfarth [15] 6 12 III 319±85 +72 1008±428 NA Bosentan By mouth Jaïs [16] RCT 4 157 II–III 342±84 +2 (ns) 783 -24 Riociguat By mouth Ghofrani [17] OL 3 41 II–III 390 (330–441) +55 691 (533–844) -29 Riociguat By mouth Ghofrani [18] RCT 4 261 II–III 349 +46 785 -31 Data are presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. NYHA-FC: New York Heart Association functional class; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; RCT: randomised controlled trial; OL: open label; NA: not available; ns: not significant. #: total PVR; ¶: in Woods Units·m2; +: in dyn·s−1·cm−5·m−2.
- Table 2. Long-term survival outcomes in medically treated chronic post-embolic pulmonary hypertension patients
Treatment Administration First author [Ref.] Patients n NYHA-FC 6MWD m Survival % Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 5 Bosentan Orally Hughes [22] 47 II–IV 291±116 96 90 NA NA Bosentan Orally Seyfarth [15] 12 III 319±85 100 100 NA NA Epoprostenol i.v. Cabrol [6] 27 III–IV 265±117 73 59 41 NA Treprostinil Subcutaneously Skoro-Sajer [7] 25 III–IV 260±111 80 80 80 53 Medical# Suntharalingam [23] 35 NA NA 77 NA 53 NA Medical¶ Condliffe [20] 148 II–IV 239±133 82 NA 75 55 Medical+ Simonneau [21] 275 II–IV 315 88 79 70 NA Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. NYHA-FC: New York Heart Association functional class; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; NA: not available. #: 68% received medical treatment; ¶: 86% received medical treatment; +: 61% received medical treatment.
- Table 3. Long-term survival rate in operated chronic post-embolic pulmonary hypertension patients
Treatment First author [Ref.] Patients n NYHA-FC 6MWD m Survival % Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 5 PEA Archibald [24] 532 ND ND 88 84 81 76 PEA Corsico [25] 157 II–IV ND NA NA NA 84 PEA Condliffe [20] 236 II–IV 243±133 88 NA 76 75 PEA Simonneau [21] 404 II–IV 340 93 91 89 NA Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. PEA: pulmonary endarterectomy; NYHA-FC: New York Heart Association functional class; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; ND: not determined; NA: not available.
Disclosures
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