Figures
- Figure 1.
Cox model survival estimates for relevant 12-month longitudinal changes in pulmonary function tests in patients with combined idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and moderate/severe emphysema. A relative decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of >10% predicted versus <10% is shown. Physiological cut-off points were chosen based on prior literature and the best prognostic fit according to index of concordance. All Cox models are adjusted for the baseline average pulmonary function test, average age at diagnosis of 62 years, male sex and positive smoking history. Reproduced from [35].
Tables
- Table 1. Characteristics and clinical manifestations at diagnosis in 61 patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Patient characteristics Sex Male 60 Female 1 Age years 65.2±10.2 (36–84) Body mass index kg·m−2 26±3 (19–32) Smoking status Current smoker 19 Ex-smoker 42 Never-smoker 0 Pack-years smoking 46±27 (5–120) Current smokers 57±27 (8–120) Ex-smokers 41±25 (5–110) Asthenia 14 (23) NYHA grade of dyspnoea Grade 1 10 (16) Grade 2 23 (38) Grade 3 23 (38) Grade 4 5 (8) Cough 29 (48) Sputum production 22 (36) Chest pain 10 (17) Finger clubbing 26 (43) Basal crackles 53 (87) Wheezes 8 (13) Data are presented as n, mean±sd (range) or n (%). NYHA: New York Heart Association. Reproduced from [4].
- Table 2. Pulmonary function tests in 61 patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Test Patients tested n FVC % pred 61 90±18 (47–125) FEV1 % pred 61 80±21 (33–123) Post-bronchodilator improvement in FEV1 L 36 0.06±0.13 (-0.35–0.3) FEV1/FVC % 61 69±13 (30–94) FEF25–75% % pred 57 51±26 (15–118) TLC % pred 56 88±17 (44–132) RV % pred 56 90±32 (35–188) DLCO % pred 57 37±16 (10–80) KCO % pred 57 46±19 (8–84) PaO2 at rest (surpine position) kPa 61 8.4±1.9 (4.6–13.3) PaCO2 at rest (surpine position) kPa 61 4.9±0.7 (3.0–7.3) Alveolar–arterial PaO2 difference (room air) kPa 61 5.5±2.1 (0.1–11.7) PaO2 at exercise–PaO2 at rest (surpine position) kPa 22 -1.5±1.6 (-4.4–1.7) 6-min walking distance m 23 336±139 (50–548) Decrease in SpO2 during 6-min walk test % 23 -8.9±5.7 (-20–0) Data are presented as mean±sd (range), unless otherwise stated. FVC: forced vital capacity; % pred: % predicted; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEF25–75%: mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; KCO: transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide; PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension; SpO2: arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. Reproduced from [4].
- Table 3. Imaging features of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Feature Emphysema 100 Centrolobular 97 Paraseptal 93 Bullae 54 Fibrosis 100 Honeycombing 95 Reticulation 87 Traction bronchiectasis 69 Ground-glass opacities 66 Consolidation 15 Data are presented as %. Reproduced with modification from [4].
