Treat-to-target approach in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a consensus-based proposal
Olivier Sitbon, Adolfo Baloira Villar, Fabrice Bauer, Björn Ekmehag, Wendy Gin-Sing, Kjell Jansson, David G. Kiely, Hanno Leuchte, Alessandra Manes, Stephan Rosenkranz, Pilar Escribano
European Respiratory Review 2012 21: 259-262; DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00003612
Olivier Sitbon
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Adolfo Baloira Villar
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Fabrice Bauer
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Björn Ekmehag
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Wendy Gin-Sing
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Kjell Jansson
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
David G. Kiely
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Hanno Leuchte
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alessandra Manes
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Stephan Rosenkranz
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Pilar Escribano
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
*Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, #AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l‘Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, ¶INSERM U999, IPSIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, §Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Thorax, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and fUniversité de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM 1096, Rouen, France. +Dept of Pneumology, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, +++Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, §§§Dept of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. **Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, ##Dept of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, ++Depts of Cardiology and Physiology, Linköping University Hospital, §§IMH Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. ¶¶Dept of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, ffSheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. ***Medical Dept II, Neuwittelsbach Hospital, Munich, ¶¶¶Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, ###Institute of Cardiology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Figures
- Figure 1.
An expert proposal for a treat-to-target checklist for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). IPAH: idiopathic PAH; HPAH: heritable PAH; SSc: systemic sclerosis; CTD: connective tissue disease; NYHA: New York Heart Association; WHO: World Health Organization; FC: functional class; SpO2: arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry; SR: sinus rhythm; 6-MWD: 6-min walk distance; CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise testing; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RHC: right heart catheterisation; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation; SaO2: arterial oxygen saturation; RAP: right atrial pressure; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-BNP; ULN: upper limit of normal.
Treat-to-target approach in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a consensus-based proposal
Olivier Sitbon, Adolfo Baloira Villar, Fabrice Bauer, Björn Ekmehag, Wendy Gin-Sing, Kjell Jansson, David G. Kiely, Hanno Leuchte, Alessandra Manes, Stephan Rosenkranz, Pilar Escribano
European Respiratory Review Sep 2012, 21 (125) 259-262; DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00003612
Treat-to-target approach in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a consensus-based proposal
Olivier Sitbon, Adolfo Baloira Villar, Fabrice Bauer, Björn Ekmehag, Wendy Gin-Sing, Kjell Jansson, David G. Kiely, Hanno Leuchte, Alessandra Manes, Stephan Rosenkranz, Pilar Escribano
European Respiratory Review Sep 2012, 21 (125) 259-262; DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00003612
