Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by the accumulation of
alveolar surfactant and dysfunction of alveolar macrophages. PAP results in progressive …

Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders associated with
substantial morbidity and mortality. Knowledge achieved in recent years has resulted in the …

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which can arise from a broad spectrum of distinct aetiologies,
can manifest as a pulmonary complication of an underlying autoimmune and connective …

Background Pirfenidone has been shown to slow disease progression in patients with
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there are few treatment options for progressive …

Background The major reasons to treat sarcoidosis are to lower the morbidity and mortality
risk or to improve quality of life (QoL). The indication for treatment varies depending on which …

Background The INBUILD trial investigated the efficacy and safety of nintedanib versus
placebo in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than …

Rationale: According to the 2002 ATS/ERS Consensus Classification, a confident diagnosis
of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without surgical lung biopsy is made with consistent …

Background Acute exacerbation (AE) is a major cause of death in idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF). However, little is known about sensitive biomarkers for predicting AE. The aim of …

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a rare clinical condition that is characterized by the
occurrence of a classic clinical triad, encompassing myositis, arthritis, and interstitial lung …

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is a complex
pulmonary syndrome mediated by the immune system and caused by inhalation of a wide …