Esophageal Involvement in Scleroderma: Gastroesophageal Reflux, the Common Problem
Section snippets
Methods
This review is based on a Medline literature search from 1966 to 2005. The keywords “systemic sclerosis,” “esophageal involvement,” “gastroesophageal reflux,” “esophagitis,” and “treatment” were used. Articles obtained from this search were reviewed for additional references.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Scleroderma
Gastrointestinal tract dysfunction is one of the most common problems in SSc and is found in diffuse and limited disease (5). Up to 90% of patients with SSc have been estimated to have gastrointestinal involvement (6, 7, 8, 9) causing high morbidity and, in rare cases, mortality. In various studies gastrointestinal involvement in SSc fluctuates between 55 and 82% (10, 11, 12, 13). No significant correlations were found between gastrointestinal manifestations and gender, age at diagnosis of SSc,
Discussion
The esophagus is the most frequently affected part of the gastrointestinal tract in SSc. GER is a common problem and may be associated with complications and extraesophageal manifestations. Careful examination of patients reveals esophageal involvement even in those without symptoms. Behavioral modification and medical therapy are essential for GER treatment in SSc, while surgical intervention has limited value in selected SSc patients. Early medical treatment is essential not only to improve
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