Rhinitis, sinusitis, and upper airway diseaseAllergic rhinitis as a predictor for wheezing onset in school-aged children
Section snippets
Study population
The MAS, a birth cohort, recruited 1314 healthy mature infants born in 1990 in 5 German cities. A detailed description of the sampling method and the study participants has been published elsewhere.14 Briefly, 499 newborns with risk factors for atopy (increased cord blood IgE levels [≥0.9 kU/L], ≥2 atopic family members, or both) and 815 newborns without these risk factors were included in the cohort and the presented analyses (see the Methods section in this article’s Online Repository at //www.jacionline.org
Study population
Of the 1314 children recruited at birth, 1092 (83.1%) were followed to the age of 2 years, 1004 (76.4%) to the age of 5 years, 939 (71.5%) to the age of 7 years, and 766 (58.3%) to the age of 13 years.
Prevalence and incidence of rhinitis, wheezing, sensitization, and AHR
Rhinitis point prevalence was highest at 3 years at 9.2% and ranged between 2.5% and 7.7% throughout the other years. By the age of 13 years, the cumulative incidence of rhinitis was 47.8%. Wheezing point prevalence was highest at the end of the second year, with a value of 19.8% decreasing to
Discussion
The findings of this study suggest that the first manifestation of allergic rhinitis occurs in preschool children. In this age group allergic rhinitis is a risk factor for subsequent wheezing onset. In contrast, neither the rare manifestation of allergic rhinitis in the first 2 years of life nor nonallergic rhinitis up to the age of 5 years was associated with the onset of wheezing in childhood. These findings suggest that some childhood wheezing phenotypes are associated with rhinitis in
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Supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grant number 01 EE9406, and cofunded by an unrestricted educational grant from AstraZeneca Germany. M. K. R. was supported by a Marie Curie Actions research grant (MEST-CT-2005-020524-GALTRAIN).
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: M. J. Ege has received research grants from the European Union, the German Research Foundation (DFG), and the Behring-Rontgen Foundation. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.
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The MAS study group: Volker Wahn, Marketa Groeger, Antje Schuster (Dusseldorf, Germany); Fred Zepp, Imke Bieber, Wolfgang Kamin (Mainz, Germany); Johannes Forster, Uta Tacke (Freiburg, Germany); Carl-Peter Bauer (Gaisach, Germany); Renate Bergmann, Young-Ae Lee, Renate Nickel (Berlin, Germany); Ute Hoffmann (Munich, Germany).