Diagnostic utility of contrast echocardiography and lung perfusion scan in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome☆,☆☆
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2022, JHEP ReportsCitation Excerpt :Under normal circumstances these do not pass through the pulmonary capillary bed (<8–15 μm diameter) and are therefore only visualised in the right heart. The ‘delayed’ presence of microbubbles in the left heart after peripheral injection (3 or more cardiac cycles after being observed in the right heart) indicates the presence of IPVDs or shunts.2,9 Echocardiography can distinguish intrapulmonary from intracardiac right-to-left shunts, in which microbubbles appear in the left atrium within 3 cardiac cycles.
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Supported in part by the General Clinical Research Center (RR-125) and the National Center for Research Resources. Dr. Abrams was a trainee of the Training Program in Clinical Investigation (DK 07476), supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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Presented in part at the 1994 annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.