Anxiety sensitivity and panic attacks in an asthmatic population
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2016, Behaviour Research and TherapyDo asthma patients with panic disorder really have worse asthma? A comparison of physiological and psychological responses to a methacholine challenge
2015, Respiratory MedicineCitation Excerpt :Two potential pathways have been proposed to explain the PD-worse asthma outcomes association: one postulates a direct physiological pathway where panic leads to physiological changes (e.g., increased cardiorespiratory reactivity such as heart rate, carbon dioxide partial pressure, and respiratory rate) [17,18] via increased autonomic nervous activation that may be causally linked to asthma [5–7]. The other proposes that PD patients' tendency to catastrophize bodily sensations is associated with increased symptom reporting, resulting in greater treatment-seeking, independent of worse asthma [16,19–23]. Previous evidence supports both hypotheses, but has suffered from methodological weaknesses: a failure to objectively diagnose asthma [22,24], often relying upon self-reported diagnoses which are subject to bias [25]; a failure to use a validated psychiatric interview to diagnose PD [22,26], over-relying on questionnaire measures of panic-like anxiety which are insufficient to confirm PD diagnoses; and the use of resting spirometry as the sole objective measures of asthma [23,27], which may appear normal when asthma is well controlled [28].
Respiratory perception measured by cortical neural activations in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder
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