D12 | 12-item PROM; provides a unidimensional measure that reflects both “physical” (7 items) and “affective” (5 items) aspects of dyspnoea | To measure current level of dyspnoea severity | COPD, ILD and HF | Rating: 12 terms, 4-point Likert scale, anchors “none (0)–severe (3)” Scoring: 0–36, higher scores correspond to greater severity of breathlessness Recall time: “these days” | Completion time: 5–10 min More info: https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/dyspnea-12 | [44, 45, 53] |
ERS-IPF-B | 5-item subscale on breathlessness from the IPF-specific version of the ERS (an 11-item daily diary for assessing respiratory symptoms) | To assess the effect of treatment on the severity of respiratory symptoms | COPD | Rating: 5- and 6-point Likert scale Scoring: 0–17 for breathlessness, higher scores represent worse breathlessness Recall time: Today | Completion time: Not reported More info: www.exactproinitiative.com | [22] |
FACIT-D | 10-item short form; list of common tasks | Describe severity of dyspnoea when completing tasks and the level of difficulty in completing these tasks due to dyspnoea | COPD | Rating: 4-point Likert scale Scoring: Creates two scores: dyspnoea and dyspnoea-related functional limitation, higher scores represent worse dyspnoea or functional limitation Recall time: past 7 days | Completion time: 5–10 min# More info: www.facit.org/measures/FACIT-dyspnea | [46, 54] |
KBILD-B | Four items on breathlessness and activities; subscale from the 15-item KBILD, which is a self-completed health status questionnaire | Assess the health status of ILD patients | ILD | Rating: 7-point Likert scale Scoring: Domain and total score ranges 0–100; 100 represents best health status Recall time: last 2 weeks | Completion time: 5–7 min¶ More info: www.kbild.com/ | [18, 55] |
MRC | Patients classified into one of five MRC grades based on their perceived level of disability | To categorise perceived level of disability | Chronic bronchitis | Rating: 5-point numeric rating scale Scoring: Higher score indicates more impairment Recall time: Current situation | Completion time: Not reported More info: https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/modified-medical-research-council-dyspnea-scale | [47] |
NS | Dyspnoea scale based on estimates of oxygen consumption for daily activities | Describe degree of dyspnoea associated with the performance of 10 distinct tasks | Not clear | Rating: 10 tasks rated on a 5-point scale Scoring: 0–116, higher score indicating more dyspnoea Recall time: Current situation | Completion time: Not reported More info: Not reported | [31] |
OCD | VAS that places a list of activities along a 100 mm line according to their oxygen cost | Identify level of activity at which the patient experiences shortness of breath | Patients with airway obstruction/pulmonary infiltration | Rating: One vertically oriented VAS scale of 100 mm, result expressed as distance from zero to the indicated point Scoring: Higher number represents better function Recall time: Current situation | Completion time: Not reported More info: Not reported | [48] |
PROMIS-DS | Evaluation of dyspnoea severity associated with 10 common tasks (part 1 of FACIT-D) | Identify level of dyspnoea severity | COPD | Rating: 4-point Likert scale Scoring: Higher score represents higher levels of dyspnoea severity Recall time Past 7 days | Completion time: <5 min More info: www.facit.org/measures/PROMIS-SF-v1.0-Dyspnea-Severity-10a | [46] |
UCSD-SOBQ | 24-item instrument; 21 items rate the severity of dyspnoea while doing various activities, one item on how limiting dyspnoea is and two items on fear associated with overexerting or dyspnoea itself | Assess dyspnoea associated with activities of daily living | COPD, cystic fibrosis and post lung transplantation | Rating: 5-point Likert scale Scoring: Simple summation score yield 0–120, higher score corresponding to greater impairment Recall time: Past week | Completion time: <5 min# More info: https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/the-university-of-california-san-diego-shortness-of-breath-questionnaire | [49, 57] |
VAS-D | VAS for breathlessness | Breathlessness on a day-to day basis | Not reported | Rating: One scale from 0–10 Scoring: Higher number represents worse dyspnoea Recall time: Current situation | Completion time: Not reported More info: Not reported | [41] |