Pre-transplant |
Gloeckl et al. [42] | Germany: supervised inpatient programme | Sample size: 60 Mean age years: 53±6 Sex: 47% male FEV1 % pred: 25±8 | RCT | 3 weeks 5–6× per week | Exercise programme. Interval training: 30 s cycling alternating with 30 s rest. Resistance exercises. | Exercise programme. Continuous training: cycling (60% PWR). Resistance exercises. |
1) 6MWT, PWR 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Florian et al. [17] | Brazil: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 89 Mean age years: 56±11 Sex: 64% male FEV1 % pred: 46±15 | Quasi-experimental | 12 weeks (36 sessions) 3× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercises: treadmill walking. Resistance: arm and leg exercises. Breathing exercises associated with arm raising. | Patients not completing 36 sessions |
|
Ochman et al. [18] | Poland: outpatient and home-based programme | Sample size: 40 Mean age years: Intervention: 50±8 Control: 54±9 Sex: 95% male FEV1 % pred: Intervention: 39±20.5 Control: 43±22.2 | Quasi-experimental | 12 weeks | Exercise programme. Nordic walking | No treatment control group |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Florian et al. [43] | Brazil: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 58 Mean age years: 46±14 Sex: 48% male FEV1 % pred: 33±16 | Cohort study | 12 weeks 3× per week (36 sessions) | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercises: treadmill walking. Resistance: arm and leg exercises. Breathing exercises associated with arm raising. Stretching: major muscle groups. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Da Fontoura et al. [19] | Brazil: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 31 Mean age years: 57±10 Sex: 58% male FEV1 % pred: 54±16 | Cohort study | 12 weeks 3× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: treadmill. Resistance exercise: upper and lower body (light weights and resistance bands). | None |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Kenn et al. [44] | Germany: supervised inpatient programme | Sample size: 811 Mean age years: COPD male: 54±7.6 COPD female: 54±7.4 AATD male: 51±6.3 AATD female: 52±8.2 ILD male: 54±8.7 ILD female: 53±7.9 CF male: 31±7.4 CF female: 31±8.6 Other male: 45±12.9 Other female: 45±11.3 Sex: 43% male FEV1 % pred: COPD male: 25.2±12.6 COPD female: 25.5±7.6 AATD male: 25.6±9.2 AATD female: 27.2±8.9 ILD male: 49.2±19.5 ILD female: 43.5±16.4 CF male: 23.8±7.8 CF female: 26.2±7.7 Other male: 33.5±15.2 Other female: 33.2±20.5 | Cohort study | 5–6 weeks 5–6× per week (25–30 sessions) | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: cycle ergometer. Resistance training. Breathing exercises. Controlled coughing exercises. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Li et al. [45] | Canada: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 345 Mean age years: 51±14 Gender: 55% male FEV1 % pred: Not stated | Cohort study | 47±59 sessions 3× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: arm ergometer, cycle ergometer and treadmill; Stretching and resistance training: biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings and hip muscles. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36, SGRQ, VAS, Standard Gamble, EQ5Q 3) Discharge disposition, hospital and ICU LOS, intubation days
|
Pehlivan et al. [20] | Turkey: supervised outpatient and home-based programme | Sample size: 39 Mean age: 37±13 Sex: 64% male FEV1 % pred: 26±11 | Cohort study | 8 weeks (minimum) 5× per week (2 supervised, 3 at home) | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: cycle ergometer, treadmill walking, arm ergometer. Resistance exercises. Home exercises: breathing exercises, strengthening exercises using Thera-bands, walking. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36, BDI 3) Not assessed
|
Singer et al. [21] | USA: home-based programme using app | Sample size: 15 Mean age years: 63±6 Sex: 67% male FEV1 % pred: 42±26 | Pilot Study | 8 weeks | Exercise programme. Home-based exercise using Aidcube App. Aerobic exercise: treadmill or ground walking. Resistance exercises: Thera-bands. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) Not assessed 3) Not assessed
|
Post-transplant |
Langer et al. [22] | Belgium: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 36 Mean age years: 59±6 Sex: 50% male FEV1 % pred: Intervention: 79±18 Control: 69±17 | RCT | 12 weeks 3× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercises: cycling, walking, stair climbing. Resistance exercises: leg press equipment. | Physical activity counselling. 6 sessions, 15–30 mins |
|
Ihle et al. [23] | Germany: supervised inpatient programme | Sample size: 60 Mean age years: Intervention=49±14 Control=50±12 Sex: 57% male FEV1 % pred: Not reported | RCT | 23±5 days | Inpatient exercise programme. Endurance training. Resistance training: upper and lower limb. Stretching: major muscle groups. Range-of-motion exercises: neck, shoulders and trunk. | Outpatient physiotherapy. Cardiovascular exercise, airway clearance and breathing exercises. |
1) 6MWT, PWR, VO2peak 2) SF-36, SGRQ 3) Not assessed
|
Fuller et al. [24] | Australia: supervised outpatient programme and home-based unsupervised programme | Sample size: 66 Mean age years: 51±13 Sex: 50% male FEV1 % pred: Intervention: 70±21 Control: 69±23 | RCT | 14 weeks 3× per week | Exercise programme. 14 weeks supervised. Aerobic training: treadmill and cycle ergometer. Resistance training: upper and lower limb. Functional exercises and core stability. | Exercise programme. 7 weeks supervised 7 weeks home-based. Aerobic training: treadmill and cycle ergometer. Resistance training: upper and lower limb. Functional exercises and core stability. |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Gloeckl et al. [30] | Germany: inpatient programme | Sample size: 80 Mean age years: 56±7 Sex: 53% male FEV1 % pred: 68±20 | RCT | 4 weeks 5–6× per week | Exercise programme with WBVT. Aerobic exercise: cycle ergometer. Resistance exercises: major muscle groups+WBVT squats. | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: cycle ergometer. Resistance exercises: major muscle groups. |
1) 6MWT, PWR 2) HADS, CRQ 3) Not assessed
|
Candemir et al. [25] | Turkey: outpatient programme (two sessions supervised, one unsupervised) | Sample size: 23 Mean age years: 47±10 Sex: 88% male FEV1 % pred: 75±15 | Cohort study | 12 weeks | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: treadmill, cycle ergometer. Resistance exercise: lower and upper extremities | None |
1) ISWT and ESWT 2) SGRQ, CRQ and HADS 3) Not assessed
|
Munro et al. [46] | Australia: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 36 Mean age years: 46±14 Sex: 50% male FEV1 % pred: 71±18 | Cohort study | 12 weeks 3× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercises: cycling, treadmill walking. Resistance training: upper and lower limb. Stretching: major muscle groups | None |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Maury et al. [47] | Belgium: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 36 Mean age years: 57±4 Sex: 47% male FEV1 % pred: 70±21 | Cohort study | 12 weeks 3× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercises: cycling, walking, stair climbing. Resistance exercises: quadriceps muscle. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) Not assessed 3) Not assessed
|
Stiebellehner et al. [48] | Austria: supervised outpatient programme | Sample size: 9 Mean age years: 44±6 Sex: 67% male FEV1 % pred: 65±17 | Cohort study | 6 weeks 3–5× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: cycle ergometer | None |
1) VO2peak 2) Not assessed 3) Not assessed
|
Schneeberger et al. [26] | Germany: supervised inpatient programme | Sample size: 722 Mean age years: COPD SLTx: 59±5 COPD DLTx 54±7 ILD SLTx: 58±7 ILD DLTx: 54±9 Sex: 55% male FEV1 % pred: COPD SLTx: 51.1±16.6 COPD DLTx: 73.7±20.1 ILD SLTx: 60.2±18.9 ILD DLTx: 65.6±18.1 | Cohort study | 6 weeks 5–6× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic training: cycle ergometer. Resistance training: lower extremities. Breathing exercises. Activities of daily living: stair climbing. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) SF-36 3) Not assessed
|
Andrianopoulos et al. [27] | Germany: supervised inpatient programme | Sample size: 24 Mean age years: 58±6 Sex: 58% male FEV1 % pred: 75.4±22 | Pilot study | 3 weeks 5–6× per week (15 sessions minimum) | Exercise programme. Aerobic training: cycle ergometer. Resistance training: upper and lower limb. Activities of daily living training: walking and/or calisthenics exercises. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) Not assessed 3) Not assessed
|
Choi et al. [29] | USA: home programme using computer program | Sample size: 4 Mean age years: 55±17 Sex: 75% male FEV1 % pred: 71.3±25.2 | Pilot study | 8 weeks 8 sessions | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: walking. Resistance exercises: cuff weights. Balance exercises. | None |
1) 6MWT 2) Not assessed 3) Not assessed
|
Vivodtzev et al. [28] | France: home programme (supervised via phone) | Sample size: 12 Mean age years: 47±13 Sex: 83% male FEV1 % pred: 74±24 | Controlled trial (healthy controls) | 12 weeks 3× per week | Exercise programme. Aerobic exercise: cycle ergometer. | None |
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