First author [ref.] | Year | Intervention | Randomisation | Any eMV except INSURE | Gestational age weeks | Antenatal steroids | Patients | Recruitment |
Morley [21] | 2008 | nCPAP versus eMV | 5 min of age | 59% versus 100% | 25 0/7 to 28 6/7 | 94% versus 94% | 610 | 1999–2006 |
Rojas [22] | 2009 | nCPAP versus INSURE | 15–60 min of age | 43% versus 39%# | 27 0/7 to 29 6/7 | 88% versus 88%¶ | 146+ | 2004–2006 |
Finer [23] | 2010 | nCPAP versus eMV | <1 h of age | 83% versus 100% | 24 0/7 to 27 6/7 | 97% versus 96% | 1316 | 2005–2009 |
Sandri [24] | 2010 | nCPAP versus INSURE | <30 min of age | 31% versus 33%§ | 25 0/7 to 28 6/7 | 98% versus 96% | 208 | 2007–2008 |
Dunn [25] | 2011 | 3 groups: nCPAP versus INSURE versus eMV | Prior to delivery | 52% versus 59% versus 96% | 26 0/7 to 29 6/7 | 99% versus 99% versus 99% | 648 | 2003–2009 |
Kanmaz [26] | 2013 | nCPAP±MIST versus nCPAP±INSURE | <2 h of age | 42% versus 52%# | ≤29 6/7 | 73% versus 81%¶ | 141+ | 2010–2011 |
Dilmen [27] | 2014 | nCPAP versus INSURE | At birth | 46% versus 35% | 25 0/7 to 29 6/7 | 63% versus 68% | 159 | 2009–2010 |
Bao [28] | 2015 | nCPAP±MIST versus nCPAP±INSURE | <2 h of age | 23% versus 33%#,ƒ | 28 0/7 to 29 6/7 | 89% versus 93%¶ | 47+ | 2012 |
Kribs [13] | 2015 | LISA versus eMV | >10 min and <2 h of age | 75% versus 99% | 23 0/7 to 26 6/7 | 98% versus 98% | 211 | 2009–2012 |
INSURE: intubation, surfactant, extubation; nCPAP: nasal continuous positive airway pressure; MIST: minimally invasive surfactant therapy; LISA: less invasive surfactant administration. #: stratified data for infants <30 0/7 weeks' gestational age provided by the study authors; ¶: data given for the unstratified dataset; +: number of infants <30 0/7 weeks' gestational age only; §: need for any eMV except INSURE in the first 5 days of life; ƒ: need for any eMV except INSURE in the first 72 h of life.