TABLE 1

Common types of systemic amyloidosis

	Precursor protein	Acquired/hereditary	Organ involvement	Symptoms and signs	Treatment
Systemic AL	Monoclonal LCs	Acquired; caused by plasma cell clone	All organs (except the brain)	Depend on organ involved	Chemotherapy, ASCT
Localised AL	Monoclonal LCs	Acquired; caused by plasma cell clone	Tracheobronchial tree, lungs, urinary bladder, skin (others)	Depend on location	Localised therapy
ATTRwt	Wild-type transthyretin	Acquired; age-related	Heart, soft tissue, lung	Heart failure	Heart failure therapy (new therapies)
ATTRm	Mutated transthyretin	Hereditary	Heart, PNS/ANS	Heart failure and peripheral neuropathy	Liver transplant (new therapies)
AA	Apolipoprotein serum amyloid A	Acquired; reactive to chronic inflammation	Heart, kidney, liver, lung	Nephrotic syndrome	Treatment of underlying condition

The amyloid types are identified by acronyms where the letter “A” for amyloidosis is followed by the abbreviation of the protein forming the amyloid fibrils. LCs: immunoglobulin light chains; ASCT: autologous stem cell transplant; PNS: peripheral nervous system; ANS: autonomic nervous system.