Summary of the research studies
| Type of study | Patients n | Antithrombotic agents used | Outcomes | |
| Thoracentesis/tube thoracostomy | ||||
| Mahmood et al. [13] | Prospective | 25 | Clopidogrel, aspirin | One patient had haemothorax |
| Puchalski et al. [14] | Prospective | 73 | Clopidogrel, LMWH, UH, warfarin | No bleeding |
| Zalt et al. [15] | Prospective | 30 | Clopidogrel | No bleeding |
| Abouzgheib et al. [16] | 18 | Clopidogrel | No bleeding | |
| Dammert et al. [17] | Retrospective | 30 | Clopidogrel | No bleeding |
| EBUS-TBNA | ||||
| Stather et al. [23] | Retrospective | 12 | Clopidogrel | No bleeding |
| Transbronchial biopsy | ||||
| Ernst et al. [25] | Prospective | 30 | Clopidogrel | Study stopped at 6 months due to high rate of bleeding |
| Tracheostomy (PDT) | ||||
| Abouzgheib et al. [10] | Retrospective | 20 | Clopidogrel, dipyridamole, aspirin | One with minor# bleeding |
| Braune et al. [11] | Retrospective | 118 | UH | Two patients with major¶ bleeding |
| Pasin et al. [12] | Retrospective | 36 | Bivalirudin, UH | Three minor# and two major¶ bleedings |
| Percutaneous thoracic aspiration | ||||
| Pieper et al. [26] | Retrospective | 12 | Clopidogrel | One patient with major¶ bleeding |
EBUS-TBNA: endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration; PDT: percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy; LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; UH: unfractionated heparin. #: patients who did not require administration of blood products or surgical correction; ¶: patients who required administration of blood products or surgical correction.