TABLE 4

Risk of bias summary: author's judgement for each risk of bias domain and included study

First author [ref.]Sequence generationAllocation concealmentBlinding of participants and personnelBlinding of outcome assessmentIncomplete outcome dataSelective reportingOther bias
Abidi [11]+−−?+++
Castro [33]+?+?+++
Emelyanov [12]+?+?+++
Fogarty [24]+?+?+++
Govindan [13]??−−?++
Gvozdjakova [14]??−??−+
Hasselmark [15]+?+?+−+
Hill [25]+?+?−++
Honma [16]??+?−++
Kaslow [17]??+?+++
Kelly-Pieper [29]??+?−−−
Khayyal [18]????+++
Martineau [31]+?+?+++
Moreira [27]+++?−++
Nadi [26]??+??++
Nanzer [32]+++++++
Okamoto [28]?????−+
Pearson [19]+?+++++
Thomas [20]??+?−++
Thoren [21]??+?+++
Urata [22]??+?−++
Wen [30]??+?++−
Zhang [23]+???−++

  • +: low risk; ?: unclear risk; −: high risk.