Contraindications and complications associated with right heart catheterisation
| Contraindications [36–38] | Absolute: mechanical tricuspid or pulmonic valve, right heart masses (thrombus or tumour), and right-sided endocarditis Relative: coagulopathy, pacemaker, bioprosthetic tricuspid or pulmonic valve, left bundle branch block, arrhythmias, and skin site infections |
| Complications# [34] | Haematoma at puncture sites, pneumothoraces, arrhythmias, vasovagal episodes, hypotensive episodes, and pulmonary haemorrhage |
#: the complications listed are those that occur most frequently.