Table 1. Patient risk assessment

Parameter	Stable and satisfactory		Stable and not satisfactory		Unstable and deteriorating
	ESC/ERS guidelines	Current case	ESC/ERS guidelines	Current case	ESC/ERS guidelines	Current case
Clinical RV failure	No				Yes	Yes
Rate of progression	Slow				Rapid	Rapid
Syncope	No	No			Yes
NYHA FC	I, II		III		IV	IV
6MWD m	>500^#		300–500		<300	220
V′_O₂peakmL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹	>15		12–15		<12	Not determined
BNP/NT-proBNP	Normal/near normal		Elevated		Very elevated/increasing	Very elevated
Echocardiography findings	No PE and TAPSE >2.0 cm		TAPSE 1.5–2.0 cm		PE and/or TAPSE <1.5 cm	PE and TAPSE 1.2 cm
Haemodynamics	RAP <8 mmHg and CI ≥2.5–3.0 L·min⁻¹·m⁻²		RAP 8–15 mmHg or CI 2.0–2.5 L·min⁻¹·m⁻²	RAP 12 mmHg	RAP >15 mmHg and/or CI ≤2.0 L·min⁻¹·m⁻²	CI 1.6 L·min⁻¹·m⁻²

ESC: European Society of Cardiology; ERS: European Respiratory Society; RV: right ventricular; NYHA: New York Heart Association; FC: functional class; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; V′_O₂peak: peak oxygen uptake; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-BNP; PE: pericardial effusion; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RAP: right atrial pressure; CI: cardiac index. ^#: depending on age, height, weight, aetiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and presence of comorbidities. Adapted from [3] with permission from the publisher.