Table 1. Childhood incidence of tuberculosis (TB) according to notified cases or case–control studies

Country	Year [ref.]	Incidence per 10⁵ children	Origin	Confirmed TB	MDR-TB	<5 years of age	Extrapulmonary TB
Switzerland	1996–2011 [26]	1.6	Foreign born: 83	51.9	1.8	48
Denmark	2000–2009 [27]	1.9	Foreign born: 79	50	0.3	33.7	23.5
Greenland	2010 [8]	180.0 (prevalence)	Inuits
Spain	2005–2009 [28]	8.1	Foreign born: 25	51			16
England and Wales	1999–2006 [29]	4.3		27	2.3	31	40
London, UK	2006 [30]	13.3	White ethnic: 8.1	1			41
			Black African: 53.5
			Born in UK: 56
Washington, DC, USA	2007 [31]	1.9				49
Japan	2011 [32]	0.50	Foreigners: 10			39.3	28.1
Rondona state, Brazil	2006 [33]	Global: 7.6	Indigenous: 31.5			41	20
		Indigenous: 311
China^#	2002–2010 [5]	91.8
Township community, South Africa^¶	2007 [17]	721		11.6			13
Zambia	2011 [34]	69		6	No data

Data are presented as %, unless otherwise stated. MDR: multidrug-resistant. ^#: in China no decrease was observed between 1979 and 2000; ^¶: in South Africa incidence of smear-positive TB in children was 83 per 100 000 in townships versus a global incidence of 30 per 100 000 in South Africa.