Transcription factor and second messenger | Nuclear factor-κB, chromatin, histone acetylase/histone deacetylase, mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, haem oxygenase-1 |
Oxidative metabolism and phospholipides | Endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators such as lipoxins or resolvins, microsal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase, haem oxygenase-1, etc. |
Mediators | Elastase, matrix metalloproteinase, cytokines, growth factors |
Inflammatory cells | Cytokines, chemokines, interleukin-8 receptor-β (CXCR2) |
Resident cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, mastocytes) | |
Neutrophils, eosinophils | |
B-lymphocytes | |
Structural epithelial cells | |