| First author [ref.] | Exposure metric | Measure | Control group | Study group | p-value | ||||
| Mean±sd | Mean±se | Mean±sem | Mean±sd | Mean±se | Mean±sem | ||||
| Chakraborty [17] | Organophosphate and carbamate sprayers | FVC L | 2.58±0.83 | 2.23±0.9 | <0.0001 | ||||
| FEV1 L | 2.36±0.9 | 1.94±0.8 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| FEV1/FVC % | 91.5±14.1 | 87.0±15.5 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Huang [22] | TCPN production | FVC L | 3.56±0.71 | 3.39±0.57 | >0.05 | ||||
| FEV1 L·s−1 | 2.94±0.66 | 2.29±0.95 | <0.05 | ||||||
| FEV1/FVC % | 83.7±8.7 | 72.8±11.8 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Schenker [20] | Paraquat exposure using a cumulative paraquat exposure index | FVC % predicted | 101.6±1.1 | 101.3±0.8 | 0.83 | ||||
| FEV1 % predicted | 105.3±1.1 | 106.0±0.8 | 0.61 | ||||||
| FEV1/FVC % | 81.4±0.6 | 81.8±0.4 | 0.54 | ||||||
| Senanayake [31] | Paraquat sprayers and mixer-loaders | FVC L | Group 1: 3.42±0.06; group 2: 3.49±0.06 | 3.48±0.06 | NS | ||||
| FEV1 L | Group 1: 2.76±0.06; group 2: 2.82±0.06 | 2.82±0.05 | NS | ||||||
| FEV1/FVC % | Group 1: 80.67±1.10; group 2: 80.98±1.03 | 80.89±0.98 | NS | ||||||
TCPN: tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil); FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; NS: nonsignificant.