Table 4. Controversial prognostic factors for survival in systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
Prognostic factorEstimateInferenceRef.
PpaBaseline systolic Ppa >60 mmHg:Yes[64]
HR 3.60, 95% CI 1.42–9.15Suggestive but not significant[64]
Increasing Ppa: HR 5.36, 95% CI 0.4–37.8Yes[40]
3-yr survival in patients with pa <32 mmHg, 32–44 mmHg and >45 mmHg 75, 61 and 33%, respectivelyNo[65]
(Kaplan–Meier estimate p<0.01)
pa ≤35 mmHg versus >35 mmHg showed no difference
(Kaplan–Meier estimate log rank test p=0.08)
Limited sub-typeHR 2.37, 95% CI 0.68–8.20Suggestive but not significant[64]
Limited and diffuse SSc have equally poor survival: 10–20% at 5 yrsNo[67]
(test of significance not reported)
Interstitial lung diseaseNo difference in Kaplan–Meier curves in SSc-PAH patients with and without fibrosis (p=0.3)No[40]
No difference in median survival in SSc-PAH with and without fibrosis: 55 monthsNo[49]
(95% CI 3–58 months) versus 11.5 months (95% CI 4–26 months); log rank p=0.20Yes[44]
3-yr survival 47% versus 28%; p=0.005Yes[51]
HR 5.15, 95% CI 1.73–15.3 (p<0.01)
3-yr survival SSc-PH-ILD 47% versus SSc-PAH 71% (p=0.07)
Yes[65]
Time between SSc onset and observed PAH5.24 versus 9.93 yrs (p<0.01)Yes[68]
HR 0.99 95% CI 0.95–1.03 (p=0.60)No[55]
Data not reportedNo[44]
  • Ppa: pulmonary artery pressure; pa: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PH: pulmonary hypertension; ILD: interstitial lung disease.