Table 2. Clinical profile and laboratory syndromes: red flags for clinicians
Asymptomatic lesionsMALT lymphoma
Serum para-proteins and/or increased LDH
Collagen-vascular diseaseMALT lymphoma in collagen-vascular disorders (e.g. Sjögren)
ImmunodeficiencyLymphomatoid granulomatosis in HIV
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
TransplantationPost-transplant lymphoproliferative processes
Respiratory symptomsT-cell lymphomas
Lymphopenia and/or eosinophiliaGranulomatous mycosis fungoides
Hodgkin lymphoma
ThromboembolismIntravascular lymphoma
Acute pulmonary hypertension-like onset
Increased LDH and/or hypercalcaemia
Haemophagocytic syndrome#NK-/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
T-cell lymphoma
Organising pneumoniaHodgkin lymphoma
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Treatment with methotrexate, natalizumab or other drugsAtypical lymphoproliferative processes
  • MALT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NK: natural killer cell. #: abrupt onset, increased triglycerides, increased ferritin, coagulation abnormalities, increased transaminases, and decreased fibrinogen and cytopenia/pancytopenia.