Total per-patient direct costs as a proportion of healthcare dollars and per capita gross domestic product (GDP)
| Country | Subjects n | Total per-patient direct cost as a percentage of the per capita GDP % | Total per-patient direct cost as a percentage of per capita health spending % |
| China | 400 | 32 | 691 |
| Hong Kong | 402 | 4 | 89 |
| Korea | 401 | 3 | 57 |
| Malaysia | 404 | 3 | 133 |
| The Philippines | 400 | 21 | 573 |
| Singapore | 400 | 1 | 31 |
| Taiwan | 400 | 3 | 53 |
| Vietnam | 400 | 35 | 829 |
| Total | 3207 | 13 | 307 |