Factors that confer resistance to apoptosis in lung myofibroblasts/fibroblasts
| Molecule | Basic mechanism | Mediators | Ref. |
| IL-6 | Reduces FasL induction of apoptosis | STAT-3, Bcl-2 | [11] |
| TGF-β1 | Blocks IL-1β induction | iNOS, Bcl-2 | [12] |
| Thrombin | Blocks FasL induction | PAR1, protein kinase C-ϵ, p21 | [18] |
| IGF-1 | Blocks induction by growth factor withdrawal | Akt, ERK phosphorylation | [19] |
| FIZZ-1# | Blocks TNF-α induction | ERK1/-2 phosphorylation | [20] |
| Anti-α2β1 integrin | Ligation of integrin | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt | [17] |
IL: interleukin; TGF: transforming growth factor; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; Akt: protein kinase B; FasL: Fas ligand; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription; iNOS: inducibile nitric oxide synthase; PAR: proteinase-activated receptor; FIZZ: found in inflammatory zone; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; ERK: extracellular signal-related kinase. #: e.g. resistin-like molecule-α.