Baseline data of the continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) arm of the randomised clinical trials studying the impact of CPAP on hypertension (HT)
| First author [ref.] | Patients n | Study design | Placebo used | Females % | BP % | AHT use % | Mean BP mmHg | ESS | AHI events·h−1 | CPAP use weeks | AHI on CPAP | CPAP-compliance h·night−1 | Significant impact on BP mmHg | |
| 24-h | Daytime | |||||||||||||
| Engleman [8] | 13 | C | Tablets | 15 | 38 | 31 | NA | 103 | NA | 49 | >3 | NA | 4.3 | None |
| Dimsdale [9] | 39 | P | Sham | 29 | 29 | 0 | NA | 99 | NA | 54 | 1 | 3 | >5 | None |
| Barbé [10]# | 54 | P | Sham | 10 | NA | 31 | 94.7¶ | 98¶ | 7 | 54 | 6 | NA | 5 | None |
| Monasterio [11]+ | 125 | P | Conservative treatment | 19 | NA | NA | NA | 96¶§ | 12.1 | 20 | 26 | 6 | 4.8 | None |
| Faccenda [12] | 68 | C | Tablets | 19 | NA | 0 | 94.4 | NA | 15 | 35 | 4 | NA | 3.3 | (-1.5 on 24-h diastolic BP) |
| Barnes [13]¶ | 28 | C | Tablets | 17 | 25 | NA | 97.8¶ | 100¶ | 11.2 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 3.5 | None |
| Pepperell [14] | 118 | P | Sham | 0 | NA | NA | 101 | 104.3 | 16.3 | 38ƒ | 4 | NA | 4.9 | - 3 on 24-h/-3 on daytime mean BP |
| Becker [15] | 32 | P | 3–4 cmH2O | 6 | 50 | 47 | 100.4 | 103.6 | 14.4 | 63 | 9 | 3 | 5.5 | - 10 on 24-h/-10 on daytime mean BP |
| Mills [16] | 50 | P | Sham | 12 | 52 | Tapered off | 107.9¶§ | NA | NA | 65 | 2 | 3 | 6.8 | - 7 on 24-h mean BP |
| Norman [17] | 46 | P | Sham | 17 | NA | Tapered off | 98.1 | NA | 12.0 | 66 | 2 | NA | 6.7 | - 6 on 24-h mean BP |
| Campos-Rodriguez [18] | 68 | P | Sham | 35 | NA | 100 | 97.7 | 100.8 | 15.0 | 58 | 4 | NA | 5.0 | None |
| Robinson [19]# | 32 | C | Sham | 11 | NA | 77 | 103.4 | 106.1 | 5.3 | 28ƒ | 4 | 6 | 5.2 | None |
BP: blood pressure; AHT: antihypertensive drugs; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; AHI: apnoea/hypopnoea index; C: crossover; P: parallel; sham: sham CPAP delivering a pressure <2 cmH2O; NA: not available. #: studies focusing especially on patients without sleepiness; +: studies focusing especially on patients with mild increase in AHI; ¶: calculated value = (systolic value + 2×diastolic value)/3; §: not a 24-h ambulatory value but an office-measured value; 3–4 cmH2O; ƒ: the authors used the oxygen desaturation index ≤4% instead of the AHI. 1 cmH2O = 0.1 kPa.