Mediator | Cellular response |
CCL2 | Mediates fibrocyte recruitment and promotes collagen synthesis via TGF-β |
CCL3 | Mediates fibrocyte recruitment |
CCL7 | Regulation of collagen synthesis |
CTGF | Fibroblast mitogen and differentiation; promotes TGF-β-dependent ECM synthesis |
CXCL12 | Fibrocyte recruitment |
ET-1 | Fibroblast mitogen and chemoattractant, regulation of ECM synthesis and contraction; promotes EMT |
FGF2 | Fibroblast mitogen |
IGF-1 | Fibroblast mitogen and promotes collagen synthesis |
IL-4 | Regulation of collagen synthesis |
IL-6 | Regulator of α-SMA expression in myofibroblasts |
IL-12 | Regulation of collagen synthesis |
IL-13 | Induction of TGF-β |
IL-17 | Fibroblast proliferation |
PDGF | Fibroblast mitogen and chemoattractant |
TGF-β | ECM production, fibroblast proliferation and differentiation; promotes EMT |
Thrombin | ECM production, fibroblast proliferation and differentiation |
CCL: CC motif chemokine ligand; CTGF: connective tissue growth factor; CXCL12: CXC motif chemokine ligand 12; ET: endothelin; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; IL: interleukin; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; ECM: extracellular matrix; EMT: epithelial–mesenchymal transition; α-SMA: α-smooth-muscle actin.