Short-term impact of atrial overdrive pacing (+15 beats above baseline rate, with pacemaker set on a back-up pacing of 40 beats·h−1)
| Garrigue et al. [82] | Pepin et al. [90] | Lüthje et al. [91] | Simantirakis et al. [92] | Unterberg et al. [93] | Krahn et al. [94] | |
| Age yrs | 69±9 | 71±2 | 63±2 | 60±11 | 61±2 | 60±13 |
| M/F | 11/4 | 11/4 | 19/1 | 12/4 | 9/1 | 12/3 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 27±1 | 28±3 | 30±1 | 33±2 | 30 | |
| LVEF % | 54±11 | 64±13 | 49±3 | 59±4 | 54±3 | |
| ΔLVEF % | ||||||
| Nocturnal heart rate beats·min−1 | 51±8 | 64±6 | 50±3 | 55±6 | 63±2 | 65±7 |
| Δ nocturnal heart rate beats·min−1 | 18# | 11# | 11# | 17# | 13# | 12# |
| OAI without pacing events·h−1 | 7±4 | 5±11 | 5±1 | 11±3 | ||
| ΔOAI with pacing events·h−1 | -3# | -1 | ||||
| CAI without pacing events·h−1 | 12±14 | 1±1 | 2±1 | 3±1 | ||
| ΔCAI with pacing events·h−1 | -7# | 1 | ||||
| AHI without pacing events·h−1 | 27±16 | 43±27 | 21±2 | 56 | 41±7 | 39±21 |
| ΔAHI with pacing events·h−1 | -16# | 7 | -3 | 0 | No change | 3 |
Data are presented as n or mean±sd, unless otherwise indicated. M: male; F: female; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; Δ: change; OAI: obstructive apnoea index; CAI: central apnoea index; AHI: apnoea/hypopnoea index. #: statistically significant.